{"about":"Grading systems by country from classgradecalculator.com: each scale’s bands with the native words, the pass mark, and a US reading only where a named source prints a table. Sources are listed per country.","page":"https://classgradecalculator.com/grading-systems","countries":[{"slug":"afghanistan","name":"Afghanistan","adjective":"Afghan","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University marks","level":"university","scope":"Courses at Afghan universities","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"55","bands":[{"grade":"55–100","from":55,"to":100,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–54","from":0,"to":54,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School marks","level":"secondary","scope":"Afghan schools","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"40","bands":[{"grade":"40–100","from":40,"to":100,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–39","from":0,"to":39,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The university pass mark rose from 50 to 55 in 2016.","What counts as a good mark depends on the school and the year of study, but 75 or more usually does."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Afghanistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Afghanistan"}]},{"slug":"albania","name":"Albania","adjective":"Albanian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools from year 4 and universities in Albania","kind":"number","min":4,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","from":9,"to":9,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8","from":8,"to":8,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"meaning":"minimal pass","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Grades are whole numbers from 4 to 10, and pupils in the first three school years get written comments instead of grades.","Averages, and in some schools single grades, are written with up to two decimals.","A school's final grade in a subject counts continuous assessment for 40%, end-of-unit tests for 40% and the pupil's portfolio for 20%, rounded to a whole number."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Albania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Albania"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Albanian)","title":"Vlerësimi i nxënësve","url":"https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vler%C3%ABsimi_i_nx%C3%ABn%C3%ABsve"}]},{"slug":"algeria","name":"Algeria","adjective":"Algerian","region":"Africa","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Licence, master, state engineer (ingénieur d’État) and architect courses at Algerian universities and higher schools (the LMD system)","note":"Every subject, teaching unit and semester is marked out of 20; the words are the mentions the 2022 ministerial order gives a passed final dissertation or project.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"18–20","from":18,"to":20,"native":"excellent","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"16–18","from":16,"to":18,"native":"très bien","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"native":"bien","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"12–14","from":12,"to":14,"native":"assez bien","meaning":"fairly good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"native":"passable","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail (below 10 out of 20)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A teaching unit or a semester passes with an average of 10 out of 20, and a weak subject can be made up by stronger ones because subjects are averaged with their coefficients (compensation).","Each semester has a normal exam session and a resit session (rattrapage), and the final mark of a resat subject averages the coursework with the better of the two exam marks.","A licence takes 180 credits, 30 per semester, and a master at a university 120 credits.","These rules apply to students who started in 2022/2023 or later; students who enrolled earlier stay under the 2011 orders 711 and 712."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (text published by ESTIN, Béjaïa)","title":"Arrêté n° 992 du 1er août 2022 fixant les modalités d’inscription, d’évaluation et de progression (licence, master, ingénieur d’État, architecte)","url":"https://estin.dz/arrete-n992-du-01-aout-2022-fixant-les-modalites-dinscription-et-de-reinscription-dans-les-etudes-universitaires-en-vue-de-lobtention-des-diplomes-de-licence-de-master-dingenieur-d/"}]},{"slug":"angola","name":"Angola","adjective":"Angolan","region":"Africa","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at Angolan universities, with the word bands of the Catholic University of Angola (UCAN)","note":"The words for each band follow UCAN's regulation; other universities place them differently.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"19–20","from":19,"to":20,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"17–18","from":17,"to":18,"native":"muito bom","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"native":"bom","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–13","from":10,"to":13,"native":"suficiente","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"6–9","from":6,"to":9,"native":"medíocre","meaning":"mediocre (fail)","pass":false},{"grade":"0–5","from":0,"to":5,"native":"mau","meaning":"bad (fail)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Marks can carry tenths, but final course grades are rounded to whole numbers, so 9.5 becomes 10, a pass, while 9.4 stays a fail.","The final degree grade is the course average on the same scale; at UCAN 10–13 is suficiente, 14–15 bom, 16 bom com louvor, 17–18 bom com distinção and 19–20 bom com louvor e distinção.","Other universities, such as the Universidade Privada de Angola, also mark 0 to 20 with 10 as the pass but draw the word bands differently, for example muito bom for 17 to 19 and excelente only for 20."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Universidade Católica de Angola","title":"Regulamento Académico","url":"https://www.feucan.ao/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Regulamento-Academico-aprovado-pelo-Senado-a-11-de-Julho-de-2024.pdf"},{"publisher":"Universidade Privada de Angola","title":"Regulamento Geral Académico","url":"https://www.upra.ao/regulamento/RegulamentoGeralAcademico.pdf"}]},{"slug":"argentina","name":"Argentina","adjective":"Argentine","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Exams and courses at Argentine universities, as set out by the University of Buenos Aires (UBA)","note":"Final grades are whole numbers: at UBA an average of 0.50 or more rounds up, and anything from 3.01 to 3.99 is recorded as 3.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"native":"sobresaliente","meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"8–9","from":8,"to":9,"native":"distinguido","meaning":"distinguished, very good","pass":true},{"grade":"6–7","from":6,"to":7,"native":"bueno","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"4–5","from":4,"to":5,"native":"aprobado","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"1–3","from":1,"to":3,"native":"insuficiente","meaning":"insufficient (fail)","pass":false},{"grade":"0","from":0,"to":0,"native":"reprobado","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Argentine universities grade from 0 to 10, and 4 is the usual lowest pass, although some faculties and universities require 6 or 7.","At some universities a course average of 7 or more passes the course by promotion, without a final exam.","At UBA every grade, including fails, counts towards the final degree average.","Secondary schools also grade from 1 to 10, usually with 7 as the pass mark."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Argentina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Argentina"},{"publisher":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","title":"Código UBA, Capítulo G: Calificación de exámenes","url":"https://codigo.rec.uba.ar/codigo_uba/libro-i-normas-generales-de-la-universidad-de-buenos-aires-1/titulo-13-estudiantes-de-pregrado-y-grado/capitulo-g-calificacion-de-examenes/"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificación escolar: Argentina","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaci%C3%B3n_escolar#Argentina"}]},{"slug":"armenia","name":"Armenia","adjective":"Armenian","region":"Europe","lede":"In Armenia, Yerevan State University grades courses from 20 (best) to 0, and 10 is the lowest pass; schools mark from 1 to 10 with no failing mark.","systems":[{"id":"ysu","name":"University grades at YSU","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Yerevan State University for students admitted from 2022/23; other Armenian universities publish their own scales","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"18–20","from":18,"to":20,"native":"գերազանց","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"14–17","from":14,"to":17,"native":"լավ","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–13","from":10,"to":13,"native":"բավարար","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"0–9","from":0,"to":9,"native":"անբավարար","meaning":"unsatisfactory (fail)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["YSU's current bands apply to students admitted from 2022/23 onward, so earlier transcripts can follow older rules.","Schools give number marks from the second half of grade 5, on a scale of 1 to 10.","Under the current school rules no mark from 1 to 10 counts as unsatisfactory; each describes a level of achievement.","A pupil's semester mark is the plain average of that semester's marks, and the annual mark is the average of the two semester marks."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Armenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Armenia"},{"publisher":"Yerevan State University","title":"Ուսումնական գործընթացի կազմակերպման կարգ (organisation of the teaching process)","url":"https://www.ysu.am/documents-categories/64298"},{"publisher":"ARLIS (Armenian Legal Information System)","title":"Order of the Minister of Education, Science, Culture and Sport on assessment criteria for pupils of state general education schools","url":"https://www.arlis.am/hy/acts/174760"},{"publisher":"ARLIS (Armenian Legal Information System)","title":"Government Decision N 136-Ն of 4 February 2021 amending Decision N 439-Ն","url":"https://www.arlis.am/hy/acts/149788"}]},{"slug":"australia","name":"Australia","adjective":"Australian","region":"Oceania","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Subjects at Australian universities","note":"The marks shown are the usual bands in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory; in Victoria, Western Australia and the ACT a High Distinction usually starts at 80%, a Distinction at 70% and a Credit at 60%.","kind":"choice","pass":"P","bands":[{"grade":"HD","value":7,"meaning":"high distinction","pct":"85–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":6,"meaning":"distinction","pct":"75–84%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":5,"meaning":"credit (also written Cr)","pct":"65–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"P","value":4,"meaning":"pass","pct":"50–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"N","value":0,"meaning":"fail (also written F)","pct":"0–49%","pass":false}]},{"id":"honours","name":"Honours grades","level":"university","scope":"Subject results at the University of Melbourne and some other universities that grade like British honours classes","label":"H1 to N, 0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"P","bands":[{"grade":"H1","from":80,"to":100,"pct":"80–100%","meaning":"first class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"H2A","from":75,"to":79,"pct":"75–79%","meaning":"second class honours, A division","pass":true},{"grade":"H2B","from":70,"to":74,"pct":"70–74%","meaning":"second class honours, B division","pass":true},{"grade":"H3","from":65,"to":69,"pct":"65–69%","meaning":"third class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"P","from":50,"to":64,"pct":"50–64%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"N","from":0,"to":49,"pct":"0–49%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Most universities turn grades into a 7-point GPA (HD 7, D 6, C 5, P 4), weighting each subject by its credit points.","Monash, RMIT, Swinburne, Murdoch and Bond use a 4-point GPA instead: HD 4, D 3, C 2, P 1.","A fail scores 0 grade points at many universities but up to 2 at others, such as UQ, QUT and Griffith.","The University of Melbourne, UNSW, the University of Sydney and Wollongong rank students by a weighted average mark (WAM) of their percentage marks rather than a GPA.","School leavers are ranked for university entry by the ATAR, a percentile rank rather than a grade: an ATAR of 80.00 means doing better than 80% of the student's Year 7 age group."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Australia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Australia"}]},{"slug":"austria","name":"Austria","adjective":"Austrian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools, the Matura and universities across Austria","note":"Grades are whole numbers; an average is worked out only for overall results such as a distinction.","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"low","step":1,"pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"Sehr gut","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"Gut","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"Befriedigend","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"Genügend","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"Nicht genügend","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Grade 5 (Nicht genügend) is the only failing grade; 4 (Genügend) is enough to pass a course.","Austrian universities have no formal definition of the grades, so each instructor announces in advance how a course is graded.","An overall result can be awarded mit ausgezeichnetem Erfolg (with distinction) for an average of 1.5 or better with no grade below 3.","Graduates who earn distinction in the Matura and in every degree up to the doctorate, within the regular study time, can receive the doctorate sub auspiciis, Austria's highest academic honour.","A cumulative grade point average is not normally used in Austria."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Austria"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Austria)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Austria"}]},{"slug":"azerbaijan","name":"Azerbaijan","adjective":"Azerbaijani","region":"Europe","title":"Azerbaijani Grading System: A to F University Grades, Pass Mark & Average","lede":"In Azerbaijan, university grades run from A (91–100 points, best) to F (below 51 points), and E (51–60 points) is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Every Azerbaijani university, under the national standard for higher education (Cabinet of Ministers decision 75 of 23 April 2010)","note":"A course’s grade comes from the total points collected in it over the semester, out of 100.","label":"A to F, 0 to 100 points","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":91,"to":100,"pct":"91–100%","native":"əla","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":81,"to":90,"pct":"81–90%","native":"çox yaxşı","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":71,"to":80,"pct":"71–80%","native":"yaxşı","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":61,"to":70,"pct":"61–70%","native":"kafi","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"E","from":51,"to":60,"pct":"51–60%","native":"qənaətbəxş","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":50,"pct":"0–50%","native":"qeyri-kafi","meaning":"insufficient (fail)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The scale is set by the national standard for higher education, which applies to every university in Azerbaijan, state or private.","The same 100-point scale grades coursework, exams and the final state attestation, which every student must pass to graduate.","At Azerbaijan Technical University, exam sheets, the student’s record book and the diploma supplement show both the points and the letter.","At Azerbaijan Technical University, missing an exam without a valid reason counts as qeyri-kafi (F), and a failed course must be taken again before its exam can be resat.","At Azerbaijan Medical University, 50 of a course’s 100 points come from the semester’s work (attendance, independent work and class questions) and 50 from the exam."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Baku State University, Teaching Organisation and Management Centre","title":"Ali təhsil pilləsinin dövlət standartı və proqramı (Cabinet of Ministers decision 75 of 23 April 2010, as amended), section 7.4","url":"https://tm.bsu.edu.az/az/article/20"},{"publisher":"Azerbaijan Technical University","title":"Kredit sistemi ilə təhsil alan tələbələr üçün yaddaş (guide for students on the credit system, 2024)","url":"https://www.aztu.edu.az/web_admin/upload/files/aztu.edu.az/menus/8-2024/YADDA%C5%9E_KRED%C4%B0T%20sistemi%20il%C9%99%20T%C6%8FHS%C4%B0LALANlar%20%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCn_%202024.pdf"},{"publisher":"Azerbaijan Medical University","title":"Kredit sistemi üzrə təhsil alan tələbələrin bilik və bacarıqlarının qiymətləndirmə meyarları və qaydaları","url":"https://amu.edu.az/page/366/kredit-sistemi-uzre-tehsil-alan-telebelerin-bilik-ve-bacariqlarinin-qiymetlendirme-meyarlari-ve-qaydalari"}]},{"slug":"bangladesh","name":"Bangladesh","adjective":"Bangladeshi","region":"Asia","title":"Bangladeshi Grading System: GPA 5.00 (SSC, HSC) & University CGPA 4.00","systems":[{"id":"school","name":"SSC and HSC grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Secondary (SSC) and higher secondary (HSC) results from the education boards, and school grades","note":"Each subject gets a letter and grade points, and the GPA out of 5.00 averages them.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":5,"meaning":"outstanding","pct":"80–100","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"70–79","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.5,"meaning":"very good","pct":"60–69","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pct":"50–59","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"40–49","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"pass","pct":"33–39","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–32","pass":false}]},{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Public universities and most private universities, on the University Grants Commission's uniform scale","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4,"meaning":"A plus","pct":"80–100","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":3.75,"meaning":"A regular","pct":"75–79","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.5,"meaning":"A minus","pct":"70–74","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.25,"meaning":"B plus","pct":"65–69","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"B regular","pct":"60–64","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.75,"meaning":"B minus","pct":"55–59","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"meaning":"C plus","pct":"50–54","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2.25,"meaning":"C regular","pct":"45–49","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":2,"meaning":"pass","pct":"40–44","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–39","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A GPA of 5.00 in the SSC or HSC means an A+, 80% or more, in every subject counted.","University degree classes follow the CGPA: 3.00 to 4.00 is a first class, 2.25 to 2.99 a second class and 2.00 to 2.24 a third class.","Some private universities, such as North South University and BRAC University, use North American cut-offs, with an A only from 93% or 90%.","The school scale tops out at 5.00 and the university scale at 4.00, so the two averages cannot be compared directly."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Bangladesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Bangladesh"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Bangladesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Bangladesh"}]},{"slug":"belarus","name":"Belarus","adjective":"Belarusian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Universities and other higher education institutions","kind":"choice","pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"meaning":"brilliant","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"meaning":"almost excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"meaning":"almost good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"meaning":"fail at university","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"0","value":0,"meaning":"no result, work refused","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools","kind":"choice","pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"meaning":"brilliant","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"meaning":"almost excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"meaning":"almost good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"0","value":0,"meaning":"no result, work refused","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Belarus has used one 10-point scale since 2002 in primary, secondary and higher education.","Schools fail only a 1 or a 2, while universities also fail a 3, so 4 is the lowest university pass.","A 0 is recorded when a student refuses to do a piece of work or an exam.","Some subjects are marked pass or no pass instead of a grade, such as art at secondary school."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Belarus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Belarus"}]},{"slug":"belgium","name":"Belgium","adjective":"Belgian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"flemish","name":"Flemish university grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at universities and university colleges in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking community","note":"Course marks are whole numbers out of 20; the tolerance band follows KU Leuven's rules for bachelor's and similar programmes.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"10–20","from":10,"to":20,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"8–9","from":8,"to":9,"meaning":"fail that can sometimes be tolerated","pass":false},{"grade":"0–7","from":0,"to":7,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"french","name":"French-speaking university grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses and degree averages at universities and colleges in Wallonia and Brussels, the French-speaking community","note":"Each course passes at 10 out of 20; the honours (mentions) are given on the average over the whole bachelor's or master's programme, and some faculties set their own thresholds.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"18–20","from":18,"to":20,"native":"la plus grande distinction","meaning":"highest distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"16–18","from":16,"to":18,"native":"grande distinction","meaning":"high distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"native":"distinction","meaning":"distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"12–14","from":12,"to":14,"native":"satisfaction","meaning":"pass with merit","pass":true},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"native":"sans mention","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"native":"échec","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"lede":"In Belgium, university courses are marked out of 20 in both the Flemish and the French-speaking communities, and 10 is the lowest pass.","facts":["Education is run separately by the Flemish and French-speaking communities, so degree honours and their thresholds differ between them and between universities.","At KU Leuven a degree is awarded cum laude for a weighted average of at least 68%, magna cum laude from 77%, summa cum laude from 85%, and with the congratulations of the examination committee from 90%.","At KU Leuven a mark of 8 or 9 out of 20 can be covered with a tolerance credit in bachelor's programmes, but the course then earns no credits.","A mark above 16 out of 20 is considered very good, and 19 or 20 is very rare.","Secondary schools mostly report marks as percentages, with 50% as the usual pass mark."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Belgium"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Belgium)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Belgium"},{"publisher":"KU Leuven","title":"Grading system","url":"https://www.kuleuven.be/english/education/student/examinations/grading-system"}]},{"slug":"bosnia-and-herzegovina","name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","adjective":"Bosnian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina","kind":"number","min":5,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"6","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"native":"odličan, ističe se","meaning":"exceptional","pct":"95–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"9","from":9,"to":9,"native":"odličan","meaning":"excellent","pct":"85–94%","pass":true},{"grade":"8","from":8,"to":8,"native":"vrlo dobar","meaning":"very good","pct":"75–84%","pass":true},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"native":"dobar","meaning":"good","pct":"65–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"native":"dovoljan","meaning":"sufficient","pct":"55–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"nedovoljan","meaning":"insufficient","pct":"0–54%","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"odličan","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"vrlo dobar","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"dobar","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"dovoljan","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"nedovoljan","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A university course needs at least 55 points out of 100 for the lowest pass, a 6, and 95 or more for a 10.","Both scales come from the former Yugoslavia and work the same way as Serbia's: 6 is the lowest pass at university and 2 at school."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"}]},{"slug":"botswana","name":"Botswana","adjective":"Botswana","region":"Africa","title":"Botswana Grading System: UB 5.0 GPA, Degree Classes & BGCSE Grades","lede":"At the University of Botswana, courses are marked out of 100 and graded A+ (90–100%, 5.0 points) to E (below 35%, 0.0 points), and 50% (C−) is the pass mark; a cumulative GPA of 4.70 or more earns a first class degree. BGCSE subjects are graded A* (highest) to G (lowest), with U for ungraded.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at the University of Botswana (UB)","note":"Each grade carries the points shown, and the cumulative GPA is their average weighted by credits, worked out to two decimal places.","kind":"choice","pass":"C−","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":5,"meaning":"outstanding","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4.9,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"85–89.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":4.7,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"80–84.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":4.5,"meaning":"very good","pct":"75–79.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":4,"meaning":"very good","pct":"70–74.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":3.5,"meaning":"good","pct":"65–69.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":3,"meaning":"good","pct":"60–64.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2.5,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"55–59.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":2,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"50–54.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.5,"meaning":"poor (fail)","pct":"45–49.9%","pass":false},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"poor (fail)","pct":"40–44.9%","pass":false},{"grade":"D−","value":0.5,"meaning":"poor (fail)","pct":"35–39.9%","pass":false},{"grade":"E","value":0,"meaning":"very poor (fail)","pct":"0–34.9%","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor’s degrees at the University of Botswana, classed by the cumulative GPA","kind":"number","min":0,"max":5,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"2.00","bands":[{"grade":"First class","from":4.7,"to":5,"meaning":"first class","pass":true},{"grade":"Second upper","from":4,"to":4.69,"meaning":"second class (upper division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Second lower","from":3,"to":3.99,"meaning":"second class (lower division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":2,"to":2.99,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 2.00","from":0,"to":1.99,"meaning":"below the minimum GPA for graduation","pass":false}]},{"id":"bgcse","name":"BGCSE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education, set by the Botswana Examinations Council (BEC)","note":"The BGCSE does not add grades up, but some users of the results total the best six subjects on the criteria of the Department of Tertiary Education Financing (DTEF): 8 points for A* or A, 7 for B, 6 for C, 5 for D and 4 for E, so 48 is the highest total.","kind":"choice","pass":"G","bands":[{"grade":"A*","meaning":"highest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"A","meaning":"graded","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"graded","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"graded","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"graded","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"graded","pass":true},{"grade":"F","meaning":"graded","pass":true},{"grade":"G","meaning":"lowest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"U","meaning":"ungraded: below the minimum for grade G","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At the University of Botswana a course is passed with a mark of at least 50% (C−), and a C− or better in a prerequisite is needed before the course that follows it.","A student needs a cumulative GPA of at least 2.00 to be considered for graduation.","The BGCSE has no overall grade: each subject is a stand-alone qualification with its own grade, and X marks a candidate who could not be graded.","The usual University of Botswana degree entry requirement is six BGCSE subjects at grade D or better, five of them at grade C or better from one sitting."],"sources":[{"publisher":"University of Botswana","title":"Undergraduate Academic Calendar: General Academic Regulations","url":"https://www.ub.bw/sites/default/files/2021-10/UNDERGRADCAL-2021-2022.pdf"},{"publisher":"Botswana Examinations Council","title":"BGCSE Summary of Provisional Results","url":"https://www.bec.co.bw/images/2026/2025-bgcse-summary-results_publication_final.pdf"}]},{"slug":"brazil","name":"Brazil","adjective":"Brazilian","region":"Central and South America","lede":"In Brazil, school and university grades run from 10.0 (best) to 0.0. Each institution sets its own pass mark, most often 5.0, 6.0 or 7.0.","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools and universities across Brazil, each of which sets its own grading rules","note":"5.0 is the most common pass mark, but many universities and private schools require 6.0 or 7.0.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"5.0","bands":[{"grade":"9.0–10.0","from":9,"to":10,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8.0–8.9","from":8,"to":8.9,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7.0–7.9","from":7,"to":7.9,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"6.0–6.9","from":6,"to":6.9,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"5.0–5.9","from":5,"to":5.9,"meaning":"middling","pass":true},{"grade":"0.0–4.9","from":0,"to":4.9,"native":"reprovado","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Each Brazilian school and university sets its own grading rules, so the pass mark ranges from 5.0 to as high as 7.5 depending on the institution.","Some institutions also give letter grades or codes next to the number, and the transcript explains what they mean.","The running average is called the coeficiente de rendimento (CR) or índice de rendimento acadêmico, and universities use it to award scholarships, research fellowships and exchange places.","Schools usually allow one recovery exam at the end of a grading period, and failing a single subject can mean repeating the whole school year.","Admission to most public universities depends on the national ENEM exam rather than on the high-school average."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Brazil"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificación escolar: Brasil","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaci%C3%B3n_escolar#Brasil"}]},{"slug":"bulgaria","name":"Bulgaria","adjective":"Bulgarian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools and universities in Bulgaria","kind":"number","min":2,"max":6,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"3.00","bands":[{"grade":"5.50–6.00","from":5.5,"to":6,"native":"отличен (otlichen)","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4.50–5.49","from":4.5,"to":5.49,"native":"много добър (mnogo dobar)","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3.50–4.49","from":3.5,"to":4.49,"native":"добър (dobar)","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3.00–3.49","from":3,"to":3.49,"native":"среден (sreden)","meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"2.00–2.99","from":2,"to":2.99,"native":"слаб (slab)","meaning":"weak","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"main","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Bulgaria"},"rows":[{"grade":"6 (5.50–6.00)","from":5.5,"to":6,"us":"A"},{"grade":"5 (4.50–5.49)","from":4.5,"to":5.49,"us":"B"},{"grade":"4 (3.50–4.49)","from":3.5,"to":4.49,"us":"C"},{"grade":"3 (3.00–3.49)","from":3,"to":3.49,"us":"D"},{"grade":"2 (2.00–2.99)","from":2,"to":2.99,"us":"F"}],"note":"Wikipedia matches whole grades only (6 = A down to 2 = F); each row covers the decimal range that Wikipedia's own table gives for that whole grade."},"facts":["Grades are often written with two decimals, and a grade from 5.50 up counts as excellent, so a 5.50 average is an excellent result.","A 1 exists only as a penalty for cheating and is now rarely used, so in practice the scale runs from 2 to 6.","Teachers sometimes add a plus or minus, worth about a quarter of a grade, but official documents record only the grade itself."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Bulgaria"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (German)","title":"Schulnote: Bulgarien","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulnote#Bulgarien"}]},{"slug":"cameroon","name":"Cameroon","adjective":"Cameroonian","region":"Africa","title":"Cameroonian Grading System: University Grades A+ to F & GCE O Level","lede":"In Cameroon, university courses in both the francophone and the anglophone subsystems are marked out of 100 and graded A+ (90–100) to F (0–29) under the national LMD order, and 50 (grade C) is the lowest pass. GCE Ordinary Level subjects, in the anglophone subsystem, are graded A to U, and C is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor’s, master’s and PhD courses at universities and higher-education institutions in Cameroon, under the Ministry of Higher Education’s LMD order of 28 January 2018","note":"The order also gives each grade as a mark out of 20 (A+ 18–20 down to C 10–11) and prints shared boundaries such as 80–90 and 90–100; a mark on a boundary is shown here in the higher grade, as the pass at exactly 50 requires. Depending on the university, a course marked 35–49 can still earn credit as “compensatory”.","label":"A+ to F (0 to 100)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50","bands":[{"grade":"A+","from":90,"to":100,"meaning":"excellent, 4.00 points","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","from":80,"to":89,"meaning":"very good, 3.70 points","pct":"80–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":70,"to":79,"meaning":"good, 3.30 points","pct":"70–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":65,"to":69,"meaning":"fairly good, 3.00 points","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","from":60,"to":64,"meaning":"fairly good, 2.70 points","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":55,"to":59,"meaning":"averagely good, 2.30 points","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":50,"to":54,"meaning":"average, 2.00 points","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","from":45,"to":49,"meaning":"below average, 1.70 points","pct":"45–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"D","from":40,"to":44,"meaning":"poor, 1.30 points","pct":"40–44%","pass":false},{"grade":"E","from":30,"to":39,"meaning":"very poor, 1.00 point","pct":"30–39%","pass":false},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":29,"meaning":"fail, 0.00 points","pct":"0–29%","pass":false}]},{"id":"yaounde","name":"University of Yaoundé II grades","level":"university","scope":"Course units at the Faculty of Economics and Management (FSEG) of the University of Yaoundé II","note":"Each course unit is marked out of 100; the semester average (MGP) is the credit-weighted average of the grade points, out of 4. The Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I prints the same marks, letters and points, and calls C− to D “capitalisé mais non transférable”.","label":"A to F (0 to 100)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":80,"to":100,"native":"très bien","meaning":"very good, 4.00 points","pct":"80–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","from":75,"to":79,"native":"bien","meaning":"good, 3.70 points","pct":"75–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":70,"to":74,"native":"bien","meaning":"good, 3.30 points","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":65,"to":69,"native":"assez-bien","meaning":"fairly good, 3.00 points","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","from":60,"to":64,"native":"assez-bien","meaning":"fairly good, 2.70 points","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":55,"to":59,"native":"passable","meaning":"pass, 2.30 points","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":50,"to":54,"native":"passable","meaning":"pass, 2.00 points","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","from":45,"to":49,"native":"insuffisant","meaning":"insufficient, 1.70 points; credits kept but not transferable","pct":"45–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"D+","from":40,"to":44,"native":"insuffisant","meaning":"insufficient, 1.30 points; credits kept but not transferable","pct":"40–44%","pass":false},{"grade":"D","from":35,"to":39,"native":"insuffisant","meaning":"insufficient, 1.00 point; credits kept but not transferable","pct":"35–39%","pass":false},{"grade":"E","from":30,"to":34,"native":"échec","meaning":"fail, 0.00 points","pct":"30–34%","pass":false},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":29,"native":"échec","meaning":"fail, 0.00 points","pct":"0–29%","pass":false}]},{"id":"gce-olevel","name":"GCE O Level grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level in the anglophone subsystem, set by the Cameroon GCE Board","note":"The Board counts grades A to C as passes in its results; D, E and U are below the pass.","kind":"choice","pass":"C","bands":[{"grade":"A","meaning":"highest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"below the pass","pass":false},{"grade":"E","meaning":"below the pass","pass":false},{"grade":"U","meaning":"lowest grade, below the pass","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Cameroon runs two secondary subsystems: the anglophone one ends with the GCE Ordinary and Advanced Levels, the francophone one with the baccalauréat, and the GCE Advanced Level and the baccalauréat are the two main entrance qualifications for higher education.","Under the 2018 order a course earns its credits at 50 out of 100; depending on the university, a course marked 35–49 can earn credit as “compensatory”, and the transcript says so.","A bachelor’s degree needs at least 180 credits and a master’s at least 120, and the 4-point grade point average is used to rank students, not to decide whether they move up a level.","At the University of Yaoundé I’s Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences, moving on to the second year of the master’s needs all 60 first-year credits and a weighted average of at least 2.4 out of 4.","GCE Ordinary Level candidates take at least six subjects, including English Language, French and Mathematics, and the Advanced Level is open to holders of pass grades in at least four Ordinary Level subjects."],"sources":[{"publisher":"University of Buea","title":"Thesis and Dissertation Guide 2021 (Order N°18/00035/MINESUP/SG/DDES/DAJ of 28 January 2018)","url":"https://ubuea.cm/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/UB_Thesis_Guide_2021.pdf"},{"publisher":"University of Yaoundé II","title":"Guide pratique des études, FSEG 2022–2023","url":"https://site.univ-yaounde2.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GUIDE-PRATIQUE.pdf"},{"publisher":"University of Yaoundé I","title":"Projet de programmes de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines","url":"https://uy1.uninet.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FALSH.pdf"},{"publisher":"Cameroon GCE Board","title":"2023 Ordinary Level Subject Report","url":"https://camgceb.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-OL-Subject-Report.pdf"},{"publisher":"Cameroon GCE Board","title":"GCE Ordinary Level","url":"https://camgceb.org/examinations/gce-ordinary-level/"},{"publisher":"Cameroon GCE Board","title":"GCE Advanced Level","url":"https://camgceb.org/examinations/gce-advanced-level/"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Education in Cameroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Cameroon"}]},{"slug":"canada","name":"Canada","adjective":"Canadian","region":"North America","title":"Canadian Grading System: GPA Scale, Letter Grades & Percentages by Province","lede":"Canada has no national grading scale: each province sets its school grades and each university its own GPA scale. At Simon Fraser University, a typical example, letter grades run from A+ (4.33, best) to F, and D is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University letter grades","level":"university","scope":"Simon Fraser University in British Columbia; many other Canadian universities use similar A+ to F letters on a 4.3 or 4.33 scale","note":"Each university sets its own points and percentages for these letters, so read the grading key printed on the transcript.","label":"A+ to F (4.33 to 0)","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.33,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.67,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.33,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.67,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.33,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.67,"meaning":"marginal","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"marginal, lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"ontario","name":"Ontario high school marks","level":"secondary","scope":"Ontario schools, Grades 7 to 12; report cards show the percentage mark","note":"The letter beside each range is the one Ontario's education ministry links to the same achievement level in Grades 1 to 6.","label":"0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50%","bands":[{"grade":"A+","from":95,"to":100,"meaning":"level 4+, above the provincial standard","pct":"95–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","from":87,"to":94,"meaning":"level 4, above the provincial standard","pct":"87–94%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","from":80,"to":86,"meaning":"level 4−, above the provincial standard","pct":"80–86%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":77,"to":79,"meaning":"level 3+, meets the provincial standard","pct":"77–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":73,"to":76,"meaning":"level 3, meets the provincial standard","pct":"73–76%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","from":70,"to":72,"meaning":"level 3−, meets the provincial standard","pct":"70–72%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":67,"to":69,"meaning":"level 2+, approaching the provincial standard","pct":"67–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":63,"to":66,"meaning":"level 2, approaching the provincial standard","pct":"63–66%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","from":60,"to":62,"meaning":"level 2−, approaching the provincial standard","pct":"60–62%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","from":57,"to":59,"meaning":"level 1+, well below the provincial standard","pct":"57–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":53,"to":56,"meaning":"level 1, well below the provincial standard","pct":"53–56%","pass":true},{"grade":"D−","from":50,"to":52,"meaning":"level 1−, well below the provincial standard","pct":"50–52%","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 50","from":0,"to":49,"meaning":"below level 1, no credit","pct":"0–49%","pass":false}]},{"id":"bc","name":"British Columbia letter grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Courses numbered 10, 11 and 12 in British Columbia schools","note":"Completing a Grade 10, 11 or 12 course takes at least a C−, and an F can only follow an earlier IE (insufficient evidence of learning) in the same course.","label":"A to F","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"C−","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":86,"to":100,"meaning":"excellent or outstanding","pct":"86–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":73,"to":85,"meaning":"very good","pct":"73–85%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":67,"to":72,"meaning":"good","pct":"67–72%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":60,"to":66,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"60–66%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"minimally acceptable","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":49,"meaning":"failing","pct":"0–49%","pass":false}]},{"id":"quebec","name":"Quebec marks","level":"secondary","scope":"Quebec secondary schools and colleges (CEGEPs)","label":"0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"60%","bands":[{"grade":"60–100","from":60,"to":100,"meaning":"pass","pct":"60–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"0–59","from":0,"to":59,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–59%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Canadian universities do not share one GPA scale: McGill uses 4.0, Concordia and UQAM 4.3, the University of Manitoba 4.5, the University of Victoria 9 points and the University of Ottawa 10 points.","Some universities, including the University of British Columbia, the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Regina, record percentages rather than letters.","Ontario raised its top cut-offs in September 2010: an A+ had been 90–100% and an A 85–89%, so older Ontario transcripts read differently.","An Ontario Grade 9 to 12 course earns its credit at 50% or more, and the final mark is 70% work during the course and 30% a final evaluation.","At Simon Fraser University a cumulative GPA of 2.00 is needed to continue and to graduate, 3.00 for honours and 3.50 for a degree with distinction."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Canada"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Canada"},{"publisher":"Simon Fraser University","title":"Grading systems and policies","url":"https://www.sfu.ca/students/calendar/2016/spring/fees-and-regulations/admission/grading-systems-and-policies.html"},{"publisher":"Ontario Ministry of Education","title":"Growing Success: Assessment, Evaluation and Reporting in Ontario Schools","url":"https://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/policyfunding/growsuccess.pdf"},{"publisher":"British Columbia Ministry of Education and Child Care","title":"Provincial Letter Grades Order (M192/94)","url":"https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/administration/legislation-policy/legislation/schoollaw/e/m192_94.pdf"}]},{"slug":"chile","name":"Chile","adjective":"Chilean","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Primary schools, secondary schools and universities across Chile","kind":"number","min":1,"max":7,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"4.0","bands":[{"grade":"7.0","from":7,"to":7,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"6.0–6.9","from":6,"to":6.9,"native":"muy bueno","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"5.0–5.9","from":5,"to":5.9,"native":"bueno","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"4.0–4.9","from":4,"to":4.9,"native":"suficiente","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"3.0–3.9","from":3,"to":3.9,"native":"menos que suficiente","meaning":"less than sufficient (fail)","pass":false},{"grade":"2.0–2.9","from":2,"to":2.9,"native":"deficiente","meaning":"deficient (fail)","pass":false},{"grade":"1.0–1.9","from":1,"to":1.9,"native":"muy deficiente","meaning":"very deficient (fail)","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"grades","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Chile"},"rows":[{"grade":"6.75–7.00","from":6.75,"to":7,"us":"A+"},{"grade":"6.50–6.74","from":6.5,"to":6.74,"us":"A"},{"grade":"6.25–6.49","from":6.25,"to":6.49,"us":"A−"},{"grade":"6.00–6.24","from":6,"to":6.24,"us":"B+"},{"grade":"5.75–5.99","from":5.75,"to":5.99,"us":"B"},{"grade":"5.50–5.74","from":5.5,"to":5.74,"us":"B−"},{"grade":"5.25–5.49","from":5.25,"to":5.49,"us":"C+"},{"grade":"5.00–5.24","from":5,"to":5.24,"us":"C"},{"grade":"4.75–4.99","from":4.75,"to":4.99,"us":"C−"},{"grade":"4.50–4.74","from":4.5,"to":4.74,"us":"D+"},{"grade":"4.25–4.49","from":4.25,"to":4.49,"us":"D"},{"grade":"4.00–4.24","from":4,"to":4.24,"us":"D−"},{"grade":"1.00–3.99","from":1,"to":3.99,"us":"F"}],"note":"Wikipedia gives this as an equivalence commonly used by universities and credential evaluators; Chile has no official US conversion."},"facts":["Chile uses the same 1.0 to 7.0 scale at every level, from primary school to university, and grades below 4.0 are called notas rojas (red marks).","Averages are rounded to one decimal from the second, so 3.95 becomes a passing 4.0 while 3.94 stays at 3.9.","The share of marks needed for a 4.0 is set by the school, university or teacher, usually between 50% and 70%.","Top grades are rare: at university most passing grades fall between 4.5 and 5.4, an overall average of 5.5 to 5.9 counts as very good, and 6.0 or more as high academic excellence.","University admission uses the PAES test, scored from 100 to 1000, together with the school grade average (NEM) and class rank."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Chile"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Chile"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificaciones escolares en Chile","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaciones_escolares_en_Chile"}]},{"slug":"china","name":"China","adjective":"Chinese","region":"Asia","title":"Chinese Grading System: 100-Point Scale, 4.0 GPA & US Letter Grades","systems":[{"id":"percentage","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Course marks at Chinese universities, on the 100-point scale (百分制)","note":"Courses graded in words instead of marks use the same five levels, and a mark of 60 or more earns the course's credits.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"60","bands":[{"grade":"90–100","from":90,"to":100,"native":"优秀","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"80–89","from":80,"to":89,"native":"良好","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"70–79","from":70,"to":79,"native":"中等","meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"60–69","from":60,"to":69,"native":"及格","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–59","from":0,"to":59,"native":"不及格","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"gpa","name":"Grade points on the 4.0 scale","level":"university","scope":"Universities that convert marks to a 4.0 GPA; this is the table of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","note":"Cut-offs and points differ between universities, so the legend on the transcript decides.","kind":"choice","pass":"1.0","bands":[{"grade":"4.0","value":4,"pct":"90–100%","meaning":"highest grade point","pass":true},{"grade":"3.7","value":3.7,"pct":"85–89%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"3.3","value":3.3,"pct":"82–84%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"3.0","value":3,"pct":"78–81%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"2.7","value":2.7,"pct":"75–77%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"2.3","value":2.3,"pct":"72–74%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"2.0","value":2,"pct":"68–71%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"1.5","value":1.5,"pct":"64–67%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"1.0","value":1,"pct":"60–63%","meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0","value":0,"pct":"below 60%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"percentage","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#China"},"rows":[{"grade":"85–100","from":85,"to":100,"us":"A"},{"grade":"75–84","from":75,"to":84,"us":"B"},{"grade":"60–74","from":60,"to":74,"us":"C"},{"grade":"0–59","from":0,"to":59,"us":"F"}],"note":"Its bands (85, 75 and 60) are not the five levels universities print (90, 80, 70 and 60)."},"facts":["Most Chinese universities mark each course out of 100, and 60 is the mark that passes the course and earns its credits.","Each university publishes its own table for turning marks into grade points; at Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, for example, a mark of 85 is 3.7.","Some universities use a 5-point scale instead, where each mark above 50 adds 0.1, so 60 is 1.0, 90 is 4.0 and 100 is 5.0.","Peking University calculates grade points with a formula rather than a table: 4 − 3 × (100 − mark)² ÷ 1,600 for marks of 60 and above.","Courses marked only as passed or failed (合格 or 不合格) usually stay out of the GPA."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_China"},{"publisher":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","title":"本科生成绩绩点计算办法 (grade point rules)","url":"https://jwc.bucea.edu.cn/gzzd/xnzd/xsgl/14f4cc30518b46fbac487f45fa15bbdd.htm"}]},{"slug":"colombia","name":"Colombia","adjective":"Colombian","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate and graduate courses at Colombian universities","note":"Universities print the number only; the words are the ones Colombian schools attach to the same ranges.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":5,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"3.0","bands":[{"grade":"4.5–5.0","from":4.5,"to":5,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4.0–4.4","from":4,"to":4.4,"native":"sobresaliente","meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"3.5–3.9","from":3.5,"to":3.9,"native":"bueno","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3.0–3.4","from":3,"to":3.4,"native":"aceptable","meaning":"acceptable","pass":true},{"grade":"0.0–2.9","from":0,"to":2.9,"native":"insuficiente","meaning":"insufficient (fail)","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School performance levels","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools, which must show how their own grading scale matches these four national levels","note":"Each school sets the numbers behind each level, so the cut-offs differ from school to school.","kind":"choice","pass":"Básico","bands":[{"grade":"Superior","native":"desempeño superior","meaning":"superior performance","pass":true},{"grade":"Alto","native":"desempeño alto","meaning":"high performance","pass":true},{"grade":"Básico","native":"desempeño básico","meaning":"basic performance, the minimum to pass","pass":true},{"grade":"Bajo","native":"desempeño bajo","meaning":"low performance (fail)","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"university","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Colombia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Colombia"},"rows":[{"grade":"4.5–5.0","from":4.5,"to":5,"us":"A"},{"grade":"4.0–4.4","from":4,"to":4.4,"us":"A–"},{"grade":"3.5–3.9","from":3.5,"to":3.9,"us":"B+, B"},{"grade":"3.0–3.4","from":3,"to":3.4,"us":"C, C–"},{"grade":"0.0–2.9","from":0,"to":2.9,"us":"D, F"}]},"facts":["Since Decreto 1290 of 2009, every Colombian school sets its own grading scale, most often 1 to 5 with one decimal, and must state how it matches the national levels Superior, Alto, Básico and Bajo.","Schools that grade from 0 to 10 usually require 6 to pass, the equivalent of 3.0 on the 5-point scale.","Many schools no longer give grades below 1.0."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Colombia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Colombia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificación escolar: Colombia","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaci%C3%B3n_escolar#Colombia"},{"publisher":"Función Pública (Government of Colombia)","title":"Decreto 1290 de 2009","url":"https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=35954"}]},{"slug":"costa-rica","name":"Costa Rica","adjective":"Costa Rican","region":"Central and South America","title":"Costa Rican Grading System: 0–10 University & 1–100 School Scales","lede":"At the University of Costa Rica, grades run from 10 (best) to 0 in half points, and 7.0 is the lowest pass; other universities set their own scales.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"The University of Costa Rica (UCR)","label":"0 to 10","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.5,"pass":"7.0","bands":[{"grade":"9.5–10","from":9.5,"to":10,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8.5–9.0","from":8.5,"to":9,"native":"muy bueno","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7.5–8.0","from":7.5,"to":8,"native":"bueno","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7.0","from":7,"to":7,"native":"suficiente","meaning":"sufficient, lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"6.0–6.5","from":6,"to":6.5,"native":"insuficiente","meaning":"fail, with the right to a make-up test","pass":false},{"grade":"Below 6.0","from":0,"to":5.5,"native":"insuficiente","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"upper-secondary","name":"Upper secondary grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Educación diversificada, the final years of secondary school, under the Ministry of Public Education (MEP)","label":"1 to 100","kind":"number","min":1,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"70","bands":[{"grade":"70–100","from":70,"to":100,"native":"aprobado","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"1–69","from":1,"to":69,"native":"aplazado","meaning":"fail, with make-up tests","pass":false}]},{"id":"basic","name":"Primary and lower secondary grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Grades 1 to 9 under the Ministry of Public Education; bilingual secondary schools pass Grades 7 to 9 at 70","label":"1 to 100","kind":"number","min":1,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"65","bands":[{"grade":"65–100","from":65,"to":100,"native":"aprobado","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"1–64","from":1,"to":64,"native":"aplazado","meaning":"fail, with make-up tests","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At UCR a course grade is rounded to the nearest half point, and a decimal of exactly .25 or .75 rounds up.","A UCR student with 6.0 or 6.5 can take a make-up test (prueba de ampliación), and a 7.0 or better on it raises the course grade to 7.0.","In schools, term marks are kept to two decimals and the annual average is rounded to a whole number, with .50 and above rounding up.","A school student below the pass mark is recorded as aplazado and can sit make-up tests, and passing one records the subject at exactly 65 or 70."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Costa Rica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Costa_Rica"},{"publisher":"Universidad de Costa Rica","title":"Reglamento de régimen académico estudiantil","url":"https://www.cu.ucr.ac.cr/normativa/regimen_academico_estudiantil.pdf"},{"publisher":"Ministerio de Educación Pública (Costa Rica)","title":"Reglamento de Evaluación de los Aprendizajes y de la Conducta (Decreto 45509-MEP)","url":"https://www.mep.go.cr/sites/default/files/2026-05/ReglamentoEvalAprendizajesConducta.pdf"}]},{"slug":"croatia","name":"Croatia","adjective":"Croatian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Primary schools, secondary schools and universities in Croatia","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"izvrstan (university), odličan (school)","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"vrlo dobar","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"dobar","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"dovoljan","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"nedovoljan","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A school average of 4.50 or more counts as excellent overall, 3.50 to 4.49 as very good, 2.50 to 3.49 as good and 2.00 to 2.49 as sufficient.","Teachers often add plus and minus signs or half grades such as 4/5 during the year, but these are unofficial and never appear on final reports.","Conduct is graded separately as uzorno (exemplary), dobro (good) or loše (poor) and does not count towards the average.","Top averages are common in primary school: in 2023/24, 46% of primary pupils finished the year with an excellent average."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Croatia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Croatia"}]},{"slug":"cuba","name":"Cuba","adjective":"Cuban","region":"Caribbean","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Degree programs at Cuban universities, under the Ministry of Higher Education's teaching regulation","label":"2 to 5","kind":"choice","pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"bien","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"regular","meaning":"fair, lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"mal","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The academic index (índice académico) is the plain average of the final grades of every subject passed, each counted once and not weighted by credits, cut off at two decimals without rounding.","The final graduation exercise is graded on the same scale but left out of the academic index.","A student graded 2 at the first exam sitting can take the subject again at the second and third sittings of the same period.","The Título de Oro, the highest graduation award, needs an academic index of at least 4.75, a 5 in the final graduation exercise and an outstanding overall record."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Ministerio de Educación Superior (Cuba)","title":"Resolución 47/2022, Reglamento organizativo del proceso docente","url":"https://www.mes.gob.cu/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Resolucion-472022_Reglamento-Organizativo-del-Proceso-Docente.pdf"}]},{"slug":"czech-republic","name":"Czech Republic","prose":"the Czech Republic","adjective":"Czech","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools","note":"Tests are often marked with in-between grades such as 2+, 2− or 1–2, but report cards show whole numbers only.","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"low","step":1,"pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"výborný","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"chvalitebný","meaning":"commendable","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"dobrý","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"dostatečný","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"nedostatečný","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]},{"id":"letters","name":"University letter grades","level":"university","scope":"Universities that use ECTS-style letters, such as the Czech Technical University in Prague (ČVUT)","note":"For its credit-weighted average, ČVUT counts A as 1, B as 1.5, C as 2, D as 2.5 and E as 3; the point ranges shown are ČVUT's.","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","native":"výborně","meaning":"excellent","pct":"90–100","pass":true},{"grade":"B","native":"velmi dobře","meaning":"very good","pct":"80–89","pass":true},{"grade":"C","native":"dobře","meaning":"good","pct":"70–79","pass":true},{"grade":"D","native":"uspokojivě","meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"60–69","pass":true},{"grade":"E","native":"dostatečně","meaning":"sufficient","pct":"50–59","pass":true},{"grade":"F","native":"nedostatečně","meaning":"failed","pct":"below 50","pass":false}]},{"id":"numbers","name":"University number grades","level":"university","scope":"Universities that keep the four-step scale, such as most faculties of Charles University","note":"Charles University reads 1 as ECTS A or B, 2 as C or D, 3 as E, and 4 as FX or F.","kind":"number","min":1,"max":4,"best":"low","step":1,"pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"výborně","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"velmi dobře","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"dobře","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"neprospěl","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"school","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Czech_Republic"},"rows":[{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"us":"A"},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"us":"B"},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"us":"C"},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"us":"D"},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"us":"E/F"}],"note":"The same table reads a plus sign the US way, so a 2+ corresponds to a B+."},"facts":["Besides the subject grades, a school report card (vysvědčení) gives an overall result: prospěl s vyznamenáním (passed with distinction), prospěl (passed) or neprospěl (failed).","Since 2005, schools may give a written verbal assessment (slovní hodnocení) instead of number grades.","Some university courses end with a zápočet (credit) recorded only as započteno (passed) or nezapočteno (not passed), with no grade.","Averages run the opposite way to a US GPA: the lower the average, the better, and the Czech Technical University rounds its credit-weighted average to two decimals."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in the Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_Czech_Republic"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Czech_Republic"},{"publisher":"Czech Wikipedia","title":"Hodnocení (školství)","url":"https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodnocen%C3%AD_(%C5%A1kolstv%C3%AD)"},{"publisher":"Charles University","title":"Grading system","url":"https://cuni.cz/UKEN-361.html"},{"publisher":"Czech Technical University in Prague","title":"Studijní a zkušební řád pro studenty ČVUT (Article 11, Klasifikační stupnice)","url":"https://www.cvut.cz/sites/default/files/content/74c76d2e-7f4d-4cb1-ac28-b0765c7f88f2/cs/20200624-studijni-a-zkusebni-rad-pro-studenty-cvut-v-praze-iii-uplne-zneni-ucinnost-od-11-3-2020.pdf"}]},{"slug":"denmark","name":"Denmark","adjective":"Danish","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"seven","name":"Grades on the 7-point scale","level":"both","scope":"Schools, upper secondary exams and universities across Denmark","note":"Each grade matches an ECTS grade: 12 is A, 10 B, 7 C, 4 D, 02 E, 00 Fx and −3 F.","kind":"choice","pass":"02","bands":[{"grade":"12","value":12,"native":"fremragende","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"10","value":10,"native":"fortrinlig","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"native":"god","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"jævn","meaning":"fair","pass":true},{"grade":"02","value":2,"native":"tilstrækkelig","meaning":"adequate","pass":true},{"grade":"00","value":0,"native":"utilstrækkelig","meaning":"inadequate","pass":false},{"grade":"−3","value":-3,"native":"ringe","meaning":"unacceptable","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"seven","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Denmark"},"rows":[{"grade":"12","us":"A+, A"},{"grade":"10","us":"A−"},{"grade":"7","us":"B+, B"},{"grade":"4","us":"B−"},{"grade":"02","us":"C"},{"grade":"00","us":"D"},{"grade":"−3","us":"F"}],"note":"Wikipedia's table reads 00, a Danish fail, as a US D."},"facts":["The 7-point scale replaced the old 13-scale in 2006 in schools and in 2007 at universities.","The leading zero in 00 and 02 makes the grades harder to alter on a document.","Grades are set against fixed criteria, and 12 is given for an excellent performance with no or only minor weaknesses.","In November 2025 the government proposed a new eight-step scale without −3; the 7-point scale stays in use until a change is adopted."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Denmark"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Denmark)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Denmark"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Danish)","title":"7-trins-skalaen","url":"https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-trins-skalaen"},{"publisher":"Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark)","title":"Regeringen præsenterer ny karakterskala, der skal mindske karakterpres","url":"https://ufm.dk/aktuelt/pressemeddelelser/2025/november/regeringen-praesenterer-ny-karakterskala-der-skal-mindske-karakterpres/"}]},{"slug":"ecuador","name":"Ecuador","adjective":"Ecuadorian","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Ecuadorian schools from básica media (grade 5) to the end of bachillerato","note":"Students below 7 in a subject can usually sit a recovery or supplementary exam, as each school's rules allow.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"7","bands":[{"grade":"9.00–10.00","from":9,"to":10,"native":"domina los aprendizajes requeridos","meaning":"masters the required learning","pass":true},{"grade":"7.00–8.99","from":7,"to":8.99,"native":"alcanza los aprendizajes requeridos","meaning":"achieves the required learning","pass":true},{"grade":"4.01–6.99","from":4.01,"to":6.99,"native":"está próximo a alcanzar los aprendizajes requeridos","meaning":"close to achieving the required learning (fail)","pass":false},{"grade":"0–4.00","from":0,"to":4,"native":"no alcanza los aprendizajes requeridos","meaning":"does not achieve the required learning (fail)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Grades are written out of 10 with two decimals, and a student needs at least 7 in each subject to pass the school year.","The four levels are set by the regulation of the Organic Law of Intercultural Education (LOEI), reissued in 2023.","Younger pupils, up to básica elemental (grade 4), receive descriptive grades only, not marks out of 10.","Ecuadorian universities also grade out of 10."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Ecuador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Ecuador"},{"publisher":"Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador","title":"Decreto Ejecutivo 366 (2014), reform of article 194 of the Reglamento General a la LOEI","url":"https://educacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2024/03/DECRETO-EJECUTIVO-366-2014.pdf"},{"publisher":"Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa (INEVAL)","title":"Reglamento General a la Ley Orgánica de Educación Intercultural (2023)","url":"https://www.evaluacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/lotaip/2023/Anexos_Marzo_2023/a/RGLOEI.pdf"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificación escolar: Ecuador","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaci%C3%B3n_escolar#Ecuador"}]},{"slug":"egypt","name":"Egypt","adjective":"Egyptian","region":"Africa","lede":"In Egypt, university grades are percentages from 100 (best) to 0, and 50% is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's courses and degrees at Egyptian public universities","note":"Credit-hour programmes at some faculties use letter grades and a GPA instead.","label":"0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50%","bands":[{"grade":"85–100","from":85,"to":100,"native":"ممتاز","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"75–84","from":75,"to":84,"native":"جيد جداً","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"65–74","from":65,"to":74,"native":"جيد","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"50–64","from":50,"to":64,"native":"مقبول","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"30–49","from":30,"to":49,"native":"ضعيف","meaning":"weak (fail)","pass":false},{"grade":"0–29","from":0,"to":29,"native":"ضعيف جداً","meaning":"very weak (fail)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The same six grades apply to each course and to the overall grade of a bachelor's degree, which is based on the total marks of all years of study.","Honours (مرتبة الشرف) go to graduates whose overall grade is excellent or very good, with at least very good in every year and no failed exam.","A student who passes a previously failed course on a retake receives at most the grade pass (مقبول), even with a mark of 65% or more."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Egypt"},{"publisher":"Zagazig University, Faculty of Computers and Informatics","title":"Faculty regulation, article 7, and examination system","url":"https://fci.zu.edu.eg/faculty/Article?AT=1913&type=article"}]},{"slug":"estonia","name":"Estonia","adjective":"Estonian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Estonian universities","note":"The letters also carry numbers from 5 (A) to 0 (F), which Tallinn University of Technology prints instead of letters.","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":5,"native":"suurepärane","meaning":"excellent","pct":"91–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":4,"native":"väga hea","meaning":"very good","pct":"81–90%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":3,"native":"hea","meaning":"good","pct":"71–80%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":2,"native":"rahuldav","meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"61–70%","pass":true},{"grade":"E","value":1,"native":"kasin","meaning":"passable","pct":"51–60%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"native":"puudulik","meaning":"fail","pct":"0–50%","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Basic schools and upper secondary schools","kind":"choice","pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"väga hea","meaning":"very good","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"hea","meaning":"good","pct":"75–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"rahuldav","meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"50–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"puudulik","meaning":"insufficient","pct":"20–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"nõrk","meaning":"weak","pct":"0–19%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["University grades follow one national scale, set in the government regulation on the unified grading system for higher education.","Courses graded pass or fail are marked arvestatud (passed) or mittearvestatud (not passed).","The percentages shown for university grades are the usual limits; a university can set its own for a course."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Estonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Estonia"},{"publisher":"Riigi Teataja","title":"Kõrgharidustaseme ühtne hindamissüsteem ning diplomi ja akadeemilise õiendi andmise tingimused ja kord","url":"https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/123082019014"}]},{"slug":"ethiopia","name":"Ethiopia","adjective":"Ethiopian","region":"Africa","title":"Ethiopian Grading System: A+ to F Grades, 4.0 GPA & Distinctions","lede":"At Hawassa University in Ethiopia, courses are graded A+ (90–100%, 4.0 points) to F (below 30%, 0 points); D (40% to under 45%, 1.0 point) is the lowest grade that is not a fail, and an Fx (30% to under 40%) leads to a supplementary exam. Addis Ababa University requires a CGPA of at least 2.00 to graduate.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at Hawassa University","note":"Each grade carries the points shown, and the GPA is their average weighted by credits. Fx and F are both fails: an Fx leads to a supplementary exam, an F to repeating the course.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"85% to under 90%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.75,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"80% to under 85%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.5,"meaning":"very good","pct":"75% to under 80%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"very good","pct":"70% to under 75%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.75,"meaning":"good","pct":"65% to under 70%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"60% to under 65%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"50% to under 60%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.75,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pct":"45% to under 50%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"very poor","pct":"40% to under 45%","pass":true},{"grade":"Fx","value":0,"meaning":"fail (supplementary exam)","pct":"30% to under 40%","pass":false},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail (course repeated)","pct":"below 30%","pass":false}]},{"id":"graduation","name":"Graduation distinctions","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate degrees at Addis Ababa University, by the cumulative GPA (CGPA) at graduation","note":"Graduation also needs no F grade in any course.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":4,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"2.00","bands":[{"grade":"Very great distinction","from":3.75,"to":4,"meaning":"graduates with very great distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"Great distinction","from":3.5,"to":3.74,"meaning":"graduates with great distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"Distinction","from":3.25,"to":3.49,"meaning":"graduates with distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"Graduates","from":2,"to":3.24,"meaning":"graduates without distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 2.00","from":0,"to":1.99,"meaning":"below the minimum CGPA to graduate","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At Hawassa University, continuous assessment (tests, reports, assignments and presentations) makes up 50% of a course mark and the final exam the other 50%, though disciplines such as medicine can set their own rules.","A supplementary exam after an Fx counts for only 50% of the course mark; the other 50% comes from continuous assessment.","When a course is repeated at Hawassa University, the first grade stays on the transcript but is left out of the GPA.","At Addis Ababa University a newly admitted student whose first-semester GPA is below 1.50 is dismissed, and a CGPA below 2.00 leads to a warning or probation."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Hawassa University","title":"Registrar: Grading System","url":"https://www.hu.edu.et/registrar-grading-system"},{"publisher":"Addis Ababa University","title":"Senate Legislation","url":"https://transform.aau.edu.et/654746ce0bf66.pdf"}]},{"slug":"finland","name":"Finland","adjective":"Finnish","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at Finnish universities and universities of applied sciences","label":"0 to 5","kind":"choice","pass":"1","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"erinomainen","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"kiitettävä","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"hyvä","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"tyydyttävä","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"välttävä","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0","value":0,"native":"hylätty","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Comprehensive school and upper secondary school (lukio) courses and certificates","label":"4 to 10","kind":"choice","pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"native":"erinomainen","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"native":"kiitettävä","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"native":"hyvä","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"native":"tyydyttävä","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"native":"kohtalainen","meaning":"fair","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"välttävä","meaning":"passable","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"hylätty","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"matriculation","name":"Matriculation examination grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The national matriculation examination at the end of upper secondary school","note":"The grades are set on a curve: about the top 5% of candidates receive L.","kind":"choice","pass":"A","bands":[{"grade":"L","native":"laudatur","meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"E","native":"eximia cum laude approbatur","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"M","native":"magna cum laude approbatur","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","native":"cum laude approbatur","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","native":"lubenter approbatur","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"A","native":"approbatur","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"I","native":"improbatur","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"university","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Finland"},"rows":[{"grade":"5","us":"A"},{"grade":"4","us":"B+"},{"grade":"3","us":"B−"},{"grade":"2","us":"C−"},{"grade":"1","us":"D"},{"grade":"0","us":"F"}],"note":"Wikipedia takes this column from a grade conversion guide of RWTH Aachen University."},"facts":["Finnish universities grade strictly: an average above 4.0 is rare, and many students fail an exam or pass it with a 1.","Passing a university exam usually takes about half of the maximum points.","Before autumn 2005 universities used a scale from 0 to 3, which still appears on older certificates.","Single school exams can use half and quarter grades such as 9½ or 10−, but final grades are whole numbers.","Master's theses are graded either 0 to 5 or with the Latin grades of the matriculation examination."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Finland"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Finland)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Finland"}]},{"slug":"france","name":"France","adjective":"French","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Secondary schools, the baccalauréat and universities in France","note":"The honours (mentions) apply to an overall average, such as the baccalauréat or a degree.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"16–20","from":16,"to":20,"native":"très bien","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"native":"bien","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"12–14","from":12,"to":14,"native":"assez bien","meaning":"fairly good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"native":"passable","meaning":"pass, no honours","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"lede":"In France, grades run from 20 (best) to 0, and 10 is the lowest pass.","facts":["At university a 20 is almost never given, marks above 14 are very rare, and a mark above 12 usually puts a student in the top 10 to 20% of the class.","A baccalauréat average between 8 and 10 gives the right to oral resit exams to try to reach the pass mark of 10.","Optional subjects now count in the baccalauréat average with their own coefficient, like the other subjects, instead of adding bonus points, so the average cannot go above 20 out of 20.","In the preparatory classes for the grandes écoles, grading is so harsh that an average of 7 or 8 can be satisfactory and class rank matters more than the mark.","Before university, moving up a year is decided by the school's class council, so an average below 10 does not always mean repeating the year."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_France"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (France)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#France"},{"publisher":"French Wikipedia","title":"Baccalauréat en France","url":"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at_en_France"}]},{"slug":"georgia","name":"Georgia","adjective":"Georgian","region":"Europe","title":"Georgian Grading System: A to F University Grades, Pass Mark & Average","lede":"In Georgia, university grades run from A (91–100 points, best) to F (40 or fewer), and E (51–60 points) is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Higher education programmes at Georgian universities, under the Ministry of Education and Science's credit rules","note":"The bands are shares of the maximum score for the course.","label":"A to F, 0 to 100 points","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":91,"to":100,"pct":"91–100%","native":"ფრიადი","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":81,"to":90,"pct":"81–90%","native":"ძალიან კარგი","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":71,"to":80,"pct":"71–80%","native":"კარგი","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":61,"to":70,"pct":"61–70%","native":"დამაკმაყოფილებელი","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"E","from":51,"to":60,"pct":"51–60%","native":"საკმარისი","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"FX","from":41,"to":50,"pct":"41–50%","native":"ვერ ჩააბარა","meaning":"did not pass; may resit","pass":false},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":40,"pct":"0–40%","native":"ჩაიჭრა","meaning":"failed; the course must be retaken","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The scale comes from the Ministry of Education and Science's rules for credits, which every licensed Georgian higher education institution had to adopt.","FX is a fail that lets the student sit an additional exam after more independent work, while F means the course has to be studied again.","A student who fails the final exam fails the course, whatever the marks in the other components.","A course grade has to combine independent work, a midterm assessment and the final exam, and cannot rest on the final exam alone.","A full academic year is 60 credits, and one credit stands for 25 to 30 hours of student work."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Georgia"},{"publisher":"Legislative Herald of Georgia (Matsne)","title":"Order No. 3 of the Minister of Education and Science: rules for calculating higher education programmes in credits","url":"https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/68458"}]},{"slug":"germany","name":"Germany","adjective":"German","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at German universities and universities of applied sciences","note":"Single exams are graded 1.0, 1.3, 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.7, 4.0 or 5.0; the bands below are the words given to an average.","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"low","step":0.1,"pass":"4.0","bands":[{"grade":"1.0–1.5","from":1,"to":1.5,"native":"sehr gut","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"1.6–2.5","from":1.6,"to":2.5,"native":"gut","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2.6–3.5","from":2.6,"to":3.5,"native":"befriedigend","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"3.6–4.0","from":3.6,"to":4,"native":"ausreichend","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"4.1–5.0","from":4.1,"to":5,"native":"nicht ausreichend","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Report cards in years 1 to 10, and in the upper years of schools that do not use points","note":"Tests often add + or − (2+ or 2−, counted as about 1.7 and 2.3), but end-of-year reports use whole grades only.","kind":"number","min":1,"max":6,"best":"low","step":1,"pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"sehr gut","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"gut","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"befriedigend","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"ausreichend","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"mangelhaft","meaning":"deficient","pass":false},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"native":"ungenügend","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]},{"id":"abitur","name":"Abitur points","level":"secondary","scope":"The last two or three years of the Gymnasium (gymnasiale Oberstufe) and the Abitur exams","note":"Each point value stands for a school grade with its + or −, shown in brackets; a course below 5 points counts as a deficit.","kind":"choice","pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"15","value":15,"native":"sehr gut","meaning":"very good (1+)","pass":true},{"grade":"14","value":14,"native":"sehr gut","meaning":"very good (1)","pass":true},{"grade":"13","value":13,"native":"sehr gut","meaning":"very good (1−)","pass":true},{"grade":"12","value":12,"native":"gut","meaning":"good (2+)","pass":true},{"grade":"11","value":11,"native":"gut","meaning":"good (2)","pass":true},{"grade":"10","value":10,"native":"gut","meaning":"good (2−)","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"native":"befriedigend","meaning":"satisfactory (3+)","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"native":"befriedigend","meaning":"satisfactory (3)","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"native":"befriedigend","meaning":"satisfactory (3−)","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"native":"ausreichend","meaning":"sufficient (4+)","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"ausreichend","meaning":"sufficient (4)","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"ausreichend","meaning":"sufficient (4−)","pass":false},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"mangelhaft","meaning":"deficient (5+)","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"mangelhaft","meaning":"deficient (5)","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"mangelhaft","meaning":"deficient (5−)","pass":false},{"grade":"0","value":0,"native":"ungenügend","meaning":"insufficient (6)","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"university","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Germany"},"rows":[{"grade":"1.0","from":1,"to":1,"us":"A+ or A"},{"grade":"1.3","from":1.3,"to":1.3,"us":"A−"},{"grade":"1.7","from":1.7,"to":1.7,"us":"B+"},{"grade":"2.0","from":2,"to":2,"us":"B"},{"grade":"2.3","from":2.3,"to":2.3,"us":"B−"},{"grade":"2.7","from":2.7,"to":2.7,"us":"C+"},{"grade":"3.0","from":3,"to":3,"us":"C"},{"grade":"3.3","from":3.3,"to":3.3,"us":"C−"},{"grade":"3.7","from":3.7,"to":3.7,"us":"D+"},{"grade":"4.0","from":4,"to":4,"us":"D"},{"grade":"5.0","from":5,"to":5,"us":"F"}],"note":"Wikipedia gives this table as a guideline only and says exact conversions may differ."},"facts":["Many German universities convert grades from abroad with the modified Bavarian formula, which places a foreign grade between that scale's best mark and its lowest pass.","Many universities add the words mit Auszeichnung (with distinction) to a degree with an overall grade of 1.0.","The overall Abitur grade runs from 1.0 to 4.0 and is calculated from the points total, so no Abitur is officially better than 1.0.","Law degrees use their own scale from 18 points down to 0, with 4 points as the lowest pass, and grades above befriedigend are rare there.","Doctorates are graded with Latin words: summa cum laude, magna cum laude, cum laude and rite (pass)."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Germany"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Germany)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Germany"},{"publisher":"Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK)","title":"Agreement on the upper school years and the Abitur exam, as amended 6 June 2024: section 9.5 and annex 4","url":"https://www.kmk.org/fileadmin/veroeffentlichungen_beschluesse/1972/1972_07_07-VB-gymnasiale-Oberstufe-Abiturpruefung.pdf"}]},{"slug":"ghana","name":"Ghana","adjective":"Ghanaian","region":"Africa","title":"Ghanaian Grading System: 4.0 GPA, Degree Classes & WASSCE Grades","lede":"In Ghana, each university publishes its own grading scale; at the University of Ghana, courses are graded A (80–100%, 4.0 points) to F (below 45%, 0 points), and D (50–54%) is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at the University of Ghana","note":"Each grade carries the points shown, and the GPA is their average weighted by credits.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"outstanding","pct":"80–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.5,"meaning":"very good","pct":"75–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"meaning":"fairly good","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"average","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.5,"meaning":"below average","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"marginal pass","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"E","value":0.5,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pct":"45–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–44%","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's degrees at the University of Ghana, classed by the final grade point average (FGPA)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":4,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"1.00","bands":[{"grade":"First class","from":3.6,"to":4,"meaning":"first class","pass":true},{"grade":"Second upper","from":3,"to":3.59,"meaning":"second class (upper division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Second lower","from":2,"to":2.99,"meaning":"second class (lower division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Third class","from":1.5,"to":1.99,"meaning":"third class","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":1,"to":1.49,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"Fail","from":0,"to":0.99,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"wassce","name":"WASSCE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The West African Senior School Certificate Examination, set by WAEC at the end of senior high school","kind":"choice","pass":"E8","bands":[{"grade":"A1","meaning":"excellent","pct":"75–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B2","meaning":"very good","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"B3","meaning":"good","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C4","meaning":"credit","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"C5","meaning":"credit","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C6","meaning":"credit","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"D7","meaning":"pass","pct":"45–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"E8","meaning":"pass","pct":"40–44%","pass":true},{"grade":"F9","meaning":"fail","pct":"0–39%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At the University of Ghana the degree class comes from the final grade point average, in which levels 100 to 400 are weighted 1:1:2:2, so the last two years count double.","An E (45–49%) is a failing grade, but it may still be accepted as meeting the prerequisite for a later course.","Transcripts can also show X (fail) and Z (disqualification), both failures worth 0 points, and I (incomplete), Y (continuing) and AUDI (audit).","For a degree place, WASSCE grades should be credits (C6 or better), above all in English language and mathematics; candidates with D7 or lower in those subjects are advised to resit."],"sources":[{"publisher":"University of Ghana","title":"Regulations for Junior Members","url":"https://www.ug.edu.gh/sites/default/files/UG_Regulations_for_Junior_Members-2017.pdf"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"West African Senior School Certificate Examination","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_Senior_School_Certificate_Examination"}]},{"slug":"greece","name":"Greece","adjective":"Greek","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses and degrees at Greek universities","note":"The three passing words are the classes of the final degree grade, worked out from the credit-weighted average of all courses including the thesis.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"5.00","bands":[{"grade":"8.50–10","from":8.5,"to":10,"native":"άριστα","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"6.50–8.49","from":6.5,"to":8.49,"native":"λίαν καλώς","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"5.00–6.49","from":5,"to":6.49,"native":"καλώς","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"0–4.99","from":0,"to":4.99,"native":"ανεπιτυχώς","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"lyceum","name":"Lyceum grades","level":"secondary","scope":"General upper secondary school (lykeio) and the apolytirio leaving certificate","note":"The apolytirio states the distinction word with the grade.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"18.1–20","from":18.1,"to":20,"native":"άριστα","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"16.1–18","from":16.1,"to":18,"native":"λίαν καλώς","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"13.1–16","from":13.1,"to":16,"native":"καλώς","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–13","from":10,"to":13,"native":"σχεδόν καλώς","meaning":"almost good","pass":true},{"grade":"5.1–9.9","from":5.1,"to":9.9,"native":"ανεπαρκώς","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false},{"grade":"0–5","from":0,"to":5,"native":"κακώς","meaning":"poor","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Every course must be passed with at least 5 before a degree is awarded, and failed courses can be retaken.","Grade inflation is rare: in some courses most students fail or pass with exactly 5.","The National Technical University of Athens draws its degree classes differently: 9 to 10 is excellent, 7 to 9 very good and 5 to 7 good.","The gymnasium (lower secondary school) also grades out of 20 but with its own bands: 18.5 to 20 is excellent and 10 to 12.4 the lowest passing band."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Greece"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Greece"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Greek)","title":"Σχολική βαθμολογία στην Ελλάδα","url":"https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (German)","title":"Schulnote: Griechenland","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulnote#Griechenland"}]},{"slug":"hong-kong","name":"Hong Kong","adjective":"Hong Kong","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Hong Kong universities","note":"Some universities have no A+ or give it 4.00, and some leave out the minus grades, so the transcript legend decides.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.3,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"meaning":"adequate","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"adequate","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.7,"meaning":"adequate","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.3,"meaning":"marginal pass","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"marginal pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"hkdse","name":"HKDSE levels","level":"secondary","scope":"The Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education exam at the end of secondary school","note":"Level 1 is the lowest level awarded; results below it are unclassified (U) and do not appear on the certificate.","kind":"choice","pass":"1","bands":[{"grade":"5**","meaning":"top group of level 5","pass":true},{"grade":"5*","meaning":"next group of level 5","pass":true},{"grade":"5","meaning":"level 5, the highest level","pass":true},{"grade":"4","meaning":"level 4","pass":true},{"grade":"3","meaning":"level 3","pass":true},{"grade":"2","meaning":"level 2","pass":true},{"grade":"1","meaning":"level 1, the lowest level awarded","pass":true},{"grade":"U","meaning":"unclassified","pass":false}]}],"facts":["With A+ at 4.30 the highest possible GPA is 4.30, but at universities without A+, or where A+ counts 4.00, the maximum is 4.00.","Some universities drop the minus grades and give 4.5, 3.5, 2.5 and 1.5 to A+, B+, C+ and D+.","In the HKDSE, about the top 10% of level 5 candidates receive 5** and the next 30% receive 5*.","Applied Learning subjects in the HKDSE are reported as Attained or Attained with Distinction rather than in levels.","The HKDSE replaced the HKCEE and the Hong Kong A-level (HKALE), which was last held in 2013."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Hong_Kong"}]},{"slug":"hungary","name":"Hungary","adjective":"Hungarian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Primary schools from year 2, secondary schools and universities","note":"Report cards and final course grades show whole numbers only.","kind":"choice","pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"jeles","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"jó","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"közepes","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"elégséges","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"elégtelen","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]},{"id":"erettsegi","name":"Érettségi grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The érettségi school-leaving exam at standard level (középszint)","label":"0 to 100%","note":"At advanced level (emelt szint) the limits are lower: 60% for a 5, 47% for a 4, 33% for a 3 and 25% for a 2.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"25%","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":80,"to":100,"pct":"80–100%","native":"jeles","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":60,"to":79,"pct":"60–79%","native":"jó","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":40,"to":59,"pct":"40–59%","native":"közepes","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":25,"to":39,"pct":"25–39%","native":"elégséges","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":0,"to":24,"pct":"0–24%","native":"elégtelen","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Teachers mark tests with in-between grades such as 4/5, which sits between 4 and 5, but report cards show whole grades only.","Pupils in the first year of primary school get a written evaluation instead of grades.","Some university courses are graded on a three-step scale instead: kiválóan megfelelt (passed with distinction), megfelelt (passed) and nem felelt meg (failed).","The érettségi certificate records both the grade and the percentage, because universities count the percentage when they work out admission points.","Schools also grade behaviour and diligence, on a scale from 5 down to 2."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Hungary"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Hungary"},{"publisher":"Hungarian Wikipedia","title":"Érettségi vizsga","url":"https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89retts%C3%A9gi_vizsga"}]},{"slug":"iceland","name":"Iceland","adjective":"Icelandic","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses and degree averages at Icelandic universities; the classes are those of the University of Iceland","note":"Course grades go up in half steps; the classes below are given to an average.","label":"0 to 10","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.5,"pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"9–10","from":9,"to":10,"native":"ágætiseinkunn","meaning":"first class with distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"7.25–8.99","from":7.25,"to":8.99,"native":"fyrsta einkunn","meaning":"first class","pass":true},{"grade":"6–7.24","from":6,"to":7.24,"native":"önnur einkunn","meaning":"second class","pass":true},{"grade":"5–5.99","from":5,"to":5.99,"native":"þriðja einkunn","meaning":"third class","pass":true},{"grade":"0–4.99","from":0,"to":4.99,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"lede":"In Iceland, university grades run from 10 (best) to 0, and 5 is the lowest pass.","facts":["Course grades are given from 0 to 10 in steps of 0.5.","The grade point average is weighted by credits and rounded to two decimals.","Compulsory schools have graded with the letters A, B+, B, C+, C and D since the national curriculum of 2011."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Iceland"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Iceland)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Iceland"}]},{"slug":"india","name":"India","adjective":"Indian","region":"Asia","title":"Indian Grading System: 10-Point CGPA, Percentage Classes & CBSE Grades","lede":"Indian universities grade courses on the UGC's 10-point scale, from O (10, outstanding) down to P (4, pass) and F (0, fail), and average them into a CGPA. Many still report percentage marks, where 40% is a common pass mark and 60% is first class.","systems":[{"id":"ugc","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at Indian universities and colleges under the UGC's choice-based credit system","note":"The UGC fixes the letters and grade points; each university sets the marks needed for each letter.","kind":"choice","pass":"P","bands":[{"grade":"O","value":10,"meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"A+","value":9,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":8,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":7,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":6,"meaning":"above average","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":5,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"P","value":4,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"percent","name":"Percentage classes","level":"university","scope":"Degree results that Indian universities classify by aggregate percentage","note":"Cut-offs differ by university; these are the University of Madras's for its arts and science degrees, a common pattern.","label":"0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"40%","bands":[{"grade":"Distinction","from":75,"to":100,"meaning":"first class with distinction","pct":"75% and above","pass":true},{"grade":"First","from":60,"to":74,"meaning":"first class","pct":"60–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"Second","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"second class","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"Third","from":40,"to":49,"meaning":"third class (pass)","pct":"40–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"Fail","from":0,"to":39,"meaning":"fail","pct":"below 40%","pass":false}]},{"id":"cbse","name":"CBSE Class 10 and 12 grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Subject grades on CBSE Class 10 and Class 12 board results","note":"These grades are positional: CBSE ranks everyone who passed a subject and gives each eighth a grade.","kind":"choice","pass":"D2","bands":[{"grade":"A1","meaning":"top eighth of those who passed","pass":true},{"grade":"A2","meaning":"second eighth","pass":true},{"grade":"B1","meaning":"third eighth","pass":true},{"grade":"B2","meaning":"fourth eighth","pass":true},{"grade":"C1","meaning":"fifth eighth","pass":true},{"grade":"C2","meaning":"sixth eighth","pass":true},{"grade":"D1","meaning":"seventh eighth","pass":true},{"grade":"D2","meaning":"lowest eighth of those who passed","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"essential repeat (fail)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A CGPA is the average of a student's grade points across all semesters, weighted by each course's credits.","Formulas for turning a CGPA into a percentage differ by board and university, so use the one printed on the grade card or in the university's regulations.","The UGC asks universities that grade by marks to set grade B at no less than 50% and B+ at no less than 55%.","Pass marks and the distinction line vary between universities: some pass at 50% rather than 40%, and distinction can start anywhere from 70% to 85%.","A CBSE subject needs at least 33% to pass, and CBSE prints marks for each subject but no overall percentage or division."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_India"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#India"},{"publisher":"University Grants Commission","title":"Minimum course curriculum for undergraduate courses under choice based credit system","url":"https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/8023719_Guidelines-for-CBCS.pdf"},{"publisher":"University of Madras","title":"Handbook on integrated common regulations for UG and PG programmes (CBCS 2019)","url":"https://www.unom.ac.in/webportal/uploads/academics/regulations/ugpgcommreg.pdf"},{"publisher":"CBSE","title":"Secondary School Curriculum 2026–27, Part 1","url":"https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain27/SecPart1/Curriculum_SecP1_2026-27.pdf"},{"publisher":"CBSE","title":"Senior School Curriculum 2023–24","url":"https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain24/SrSec/Curriculum_SrSec_2023-24.pdf"}]},{"slug":"indonesia","name":"Indonesia","adjective":"Indonesian","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Diploma, bachelor's and master's courses at Indonesian universities","note":"Universities may add in-between grades such as A−, B+ or AB, each with its own points.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":4,"native":"sangat baik","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"native":"baik","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"native":"cukup","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"native":"kurang","meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"E","value":0,"native":"sangat kurang","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Each university sets the marks behind each letter: a common pattern gives A from 85, while Gadjah Mada University gives A from 80.","A bachelor's degree needs a cumulative GPA (IPK) of at least 2.00 to graduate.","The 2020 national higher-education standard named three graduation predicates: memuaskan (satisfactory) for an IPK of 2.76 to 3.00, sangat memuaskan (very satisfactory) for 3.01 to 3.50, and pujian (with praise, cum laude) above 3.50.","Schools mark each subject from 0 to 100, and each school sets the lowest passing mark for each subject.","Before 2004, school report cards used a 1 to 10 scale on which 6 was the usual lowest pass."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Indonesia"},{"publisher":"JDIH BPK (Government of Indonesia)","title":"Permendikbud No. 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi","url":"https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/163703/permendikbud-no-3-tahun-2020"}]},{"slug":"iran","name":"Iran","adjective":"Iranian","region":"Middle East","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Iranian secondary schools and bachelor's courses at universities","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"10–20","from":10,"to":20,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"masters","name":"Master's grades","level":"university","scope":"Master's courses at Iranian universities","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"12","bands":[{"grade":"12–20","from":12,"to":20,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–12","from":0,"to":12,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Iranian secondary schools and universities mark out of 20, and 10 is the pass mark.","In master's programmes a course needs at least 12 to pass.","Marks above 14 out of 20 are usually regarded as excellent.","Courses based mainly on creative work, such as art and architecture, may be graded descriptively instead of with numbers.","The Ministry of Education publishes no conversion to other scales, so institutions abroad convert Iranian grades by their own rules."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Iran"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Iran"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Persian)","title":"نمره","url":"https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87"}]},{"slug":"ireland","name":"Ireland","adjective":"Irish","region":"Europe","title":"Irish Grading System: Leaving Cert H1–H8 & O1–O8, University Grades","lede":"In Ireland, Leaving Certificate grades at higher level run from H1 (90–100%, best) to H8 (below 30%), and H7 is the lowest grade that counts as a pass for university entry.","systems":[{"id":"lc-higher","name":"Higher level Leaving Certificate grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Leaving Certificate subjects taken at higher level, the final school exams used for college entry","note":"Higher level maths adds 25 bonus CAO points to grades H1 to H6.","label":"H1 to H8, 0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"H7","bands":[{"grade":"H1","from":90,"to":100,"pct":"90–100%","meaning":"100 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"H2","from":80,"to":90,"pct":"80–89%","meaning":"88 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"H3","from":70,"to":80,"pct":"70–79%","meaning":"77 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"H4","from":60,"to":70,"pct":"60–69%","meaning":"66 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"H5","from":50,"to":60,"pct":"50–59%","meaning":"56 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"H6","from":40,"to":50,"pct":"40–49%","meaning":"46 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"H7","from":30,"to":40,"pct":"30–39%","meaning":"37 CAO points; lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"H8","from":0,"to":30,"pct":"0–29%","meaning":"no CAO points; fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"lc-ordinary","name":"Ordinary level Leaving Certificate grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Leaving Certificate subjects taken at ordinary level","note":"An O1 earns the same 56 CAO points as an H5.","label":"O1 to O8, 0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"O6","bands":[{"grade":"O1","from":90,"to":100,"pct":"90–100%","meaning":"56 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"O2","from":80,"to":90,"pct":"80–89%","meaning":"46 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"O3","from":70,"to":80,"pct":"70–79%","meaning":"37 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"O4","from":60,"to":70,"pct":"60–69%","meaning":"28 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"O5","from":50,"to":60,"pct":"50–59%","meaning":"20 CAO points","pass":true},{"grade":"O6","from":40,"to":50,"pct":"40–49%","meaning":"12 CAO points; lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"O7","from":30,"to":40,"pct":"30–39%","meaning":"no CAO points; fail","pass":false},{"grade":"O8","from":0,"to":30,"pct":"0–29%","meaning":"no CAO points; fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"ucd","name":"UCD module grades","level":"university","scope":"Modules at University College Dublin; other Irish universities use their own scales","label":"A+ to F, 0 to 4.2 grade points","kind":"choice","pass":"D−","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.2,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.8,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.6,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3.4,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":3.2,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2.8,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":2.6,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":2.4,"meaning":"acceptable","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":2.2,"meaning":"acceptable","pass":true},{"grade":"D−","value":2,"meaning":"acceptable; lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F+","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false},{"grade":"F−","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["College places are allocated by CAO points from a student's best six Leaving Certificate subjects, up to 625 with the higher level maths bonus.","The National University of Ireland's minimum entry standard is H5 or better in two higher level subjects and at least H7 or O6 in four more.","The H and O grades replaced the old A1-to-F letter grades from the 2017 exams, widening each band from 5 to 10 percentage points.","Trinity College Dublin marks in percentages: a first is 70% and above, a 2.1 60–69%, a 2.2 50–59% and a third 40–49%, and most modules pass at 40%.","UCD classes an honours degree by its award GPA: 3.68 or above is a first, 3.08–3.67 a 2.1, 2.48–3.07 a 2.2 and 2.00–2.47 a pass."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in the Republic of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Ireland"},{"publisher":"Citizens Information","title":"Leaving Certificate","url":"https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/state-examinations/leaving-certificate/"},{"publisher":"Central Applications Office","title":"Leaving Certificate points grid","url":"https://www.cao.ie/index.php?page=scoring&s=lcepointsgrid"},{"publisher":"National University of Ireland","title":"Entry requirements FAQs","url":"https://www.nui.ie/college/entry-requirements-faqs.asp"},{"publisher":"National University of Ireland","title":"NUI Matriculation Regulations 2023–2024","url":"https://www.universityofgalway.ie/media/registry/admissions/files/NUI-Matriculation-Regulations-for-2023-2024.pdf"},{"publisher":"University College Dublin","title":"Grades","url":"https://www.ucd.ie/registry/staff/registryservices/assessment/gradingsupport/grades/"},{"publisher":"University College Dublin","title":"Award classification","url":"https://www.ucd.ie/registry/t4media/Award-Classification_revised_2024.pdf"},{"publisher":"Trinity College Dublin","title":"Trinity Joint Honours: assessment","url":"https://www.tcd.ie/tjh/assessment/"}]},{"slug":"israel","name":"Israel","adjective":"Israeli","region":"Middle East","lede":"In Israel, university and school grades run from 100 (best) to 0; the pass mark is 60 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and 55 in schools and the Bagrut exams.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; other Israeli universities and colleges also mark from 0 to 100","note":"Each institution sets its own pass mark and verbal labels, so the legend on the transcript decides.","label":"0 to 100","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"60","bands":[{"grade":"95–100","from":95,"to":100,"native":"מעולה","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"90–94","from":90,"to":94,"native":"טוב מאוד","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"85–89","from":85,"to":89,"native":"כמעט טוב מאוד","meaning":"almost very good","pass":true},{"grade":"75–84","from":75,"to":84,"native":"טוב","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"65–74","from":65,"to":74,"native":"כמעט טוב","meaning":"almost good","pass":true},{"grade":"60–64","from":60,"to":64,"native":"מספיק","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"0–59","from":0,"to":59,"native":"נכשל","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"bagrut","name":"School and Bagrut grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Israeli secondary schools (years 7 to 12) and the Bagrut matriculation exams","label":"0 to 100","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"55","bands":[{"grade":"55–100","from":55,"to":100,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–54","from":0,"to":54,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Israeli universities and colleges mark each course from 0 to 100 and set their own pass mark, which is 60 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.","In secondary school and in the Bagrut matriculation exams, any mark below 55 is a fail.","Grades are rarely curved, but most law faculties normalise course averages to around 75.","Honours are usually awarded from a degree average of about 88 and summa cum laude from about 95, though each institution sets its own thresholds.","Most universities also require the Psychometric Entrance Test for admission, which is scored from 200 to 800."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Israel"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Israel"},{"publisher":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","title":"7.10 סולם הציונים (grading scale)","url":"https://studentsadmin.huji.ac.il/7.9"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Hebrew)","title":"ציון (הערכה)","url":"https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94)"}]},{"slug":"italy","name":"Italy","adjective":"Italian","region":"Europe","title":"Italian Grading System: 30-Point Exams, 110 Degree Mark & US Grades","lede":"In Italy, university exams are marked out of 30: 18 is the lowest pass, and 30 e lode (30 with honours) is the top mark.","systems":[{"id":"exams","name":"University exam grades","level":"university","scope":"Course exams in bachelor's and master's degrees at Italian universities","label":"18 to 30 e lode","note":"30 e lode (30 with honours) is added to a 30 for outstanding work; the band descriptions are the University of Bologna's, and other universities use the same scale but may word it differently.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":30,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"18","bands":[{"grade":"29–30","from":29,"to":30,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"27–28","from":27,"to":28,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"24–26","from":24,"to":26,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"19–23","from":19,"to":23,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"18","from":18,"to":18,"meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–17","from":0,"to":17,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"degree","name":"Degree mark","level":"university","single":true,"scope":"The final mark of a laurea (bachelor's) or laurea magistrale (master's) degree","label":"66 to 110 e lode","note":"110 e lode (110 with honours) is the highest result.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":110,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"66","bands":[{"grade":"110","from":110,"to":110,"meaning":"highest mark","pass":true},{"grade":"66–109","from":66,"to":109,"meaning":"degree awarded","pass":true},{"grade":"0–65","from":0,"to":65,"meaning":"below the minimum, no degree","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Report cards in Italian lower and upper secondary schools","kind":"number","min":1,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"6","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"9","from":9,"to":9,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8","from":8,"to":8,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"native":"sufficiente","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"4–5","from":4,"to":5,"native":"insufficiente","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false},{"grade":"1–3","from":1,"to":3,"meaning":"seriously insufficient","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"exams","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Italy"},"rows":[{"grade":"30 and 30 e lode","from":30,"to":30,"us":"A+"},{"grade":"28–29","from":28,"to":29,"us":"A"},{"grade":"26–27","from":26,"to":27,"us":"A−"},{"grade":"24–25","from":24,"to":25,"us":"B+"},{"grade":"22–23","from":22,"to":23,"us":"B"},{"grade":"21","from":21,"to":21,"us":"B− or C+"},{"grade":"20","from":20,"to":20,"us":"C"},{"grade":"19","from":19,"to":19,"us":"C−"},{"grade":"18","from":18,"to":18,"us":"D"},{"grade":"0–17","from":0,"to":17,"us":"E or F"}],"note":"Wikipedia's table lists 21 under both B− and C+, so both are shown."},"facts":["Only passed exams appear on an Italian university record: a failed exam is not recorded, and a student can also turn down a passing mark to sit the exam again.","The final degree mark out of 110 combines the exam results with points for the final thesis, and 66 is the lowest mark for which a degree is awarded.","Some universities have used a 100-point scale for the degree mark instead of 110.","The upper-secondary leaving exam (esame di Stato, still widely called the maturità) is marked out of 100: 60 is a pass and 100 e lode the top result.","In upper secondary school, the class council can suspend the year-end decision (sospensione del giudizio) for a student with one or more failing grades: the student makes up each gap with a test before the next school year begins. With too many failing grades, under the school’s own criteria, the student does not move up a year."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Italy"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Italy"},{"publisher":"University of Bologna","title":"Exams and grading system","url":"https://corsi.unibo.it/2cycle/InternationalCooperation/exams-and-grading-system"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (German)","title":"Schulnote: Italien","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulnote#Italien"},{"publisher":"Italian Wikipedia","title":"Scuola secondaria di secondo grado in Italia: Sospensione del giudizio","url":"https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuola_secondaria_di_secondo_grado_in_Italia#Sospensione_del_giudizio"}]},{"slug":"jamaica","name":"Jamaica","adjective":"Jamaican","region":"Caribbean","title":"Jamaican Grading System: UWI GPA, CSEC Grades I–VI & CAPE I–VII","lede":"In Jamaica, courses at the University of the West Indies are graded A+ (90–100%, 4.3 quality points) to F3, and C (50–54%) is the lowest pass; at school, CXC grades CSEC subjects I (best) to VI, with I to III accepted for university entry, and CAPE units I to VII.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"UWI grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at the University of the West Indies (UWI), including its Mona campus in Jamaica","note":"F1 and F2 are fails that still earn quality points, so a near miss lowers the GPA less than an F3.","label":"A+ to F3 (4.3 to 0 points)","kind":"choice","pass":"C","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.3,"meaning":"exceptional","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"outstanding","pct":"80–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"75–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"meaning":"very good","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"meaning":"fair","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"acceptable; lowest pass","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"F1","value":1.7,"meaning":"unsatisfactory: fail","pct":"40–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"F2","value":1.3,"meaning":"weak: fail","pct":"30–39%","pass":false},{"grade":"F3","value":0,"meaning":"poor: fail","pct":"0–29%","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"UWI degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor’s degrees at the University of the West Indies for students entering in 2026/2027 or later, on the weighted GPA","note":"Students who entered before 2026/2027 need 3.60 for a first, with the upper second running from 3.00 to 3.59.","label":"Weighted GPA 0 to 4.3","kind":"number","min":0,"max":4.3,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"2.00","bands":[{"grade":"First","from":3.7,"to":4.3,"meaning":"first class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Upper second","from":3,"to":3.69,"meaning":"upper second class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Lower second","from":2.5,"to":2.99,"meaning":"lower second class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":2,"to":2.49,"meaning":"pass degree","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 2.00","from":0,"to":1.99,"meaning":"below the minimum GPA for a degree","pass":false}]},{"id":"csec","name":"CSEC grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) subjects, set by the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC)","note":"Each result also carries profile grades from A (outstanding) to F (poor), and CXC does not publish the marks behind each grade, which vary by subject.","kind":"choice","pass":"III","bands":[{"grade":"I","meaning":"a thorough grasp of the syllabus","pass":true},{"grade":"II","meaning":"a good grasp of the syllabus","pass":true},{"grade":"III","meaning":"a fairly good grasp; lowest grade accepted for university matriculation","pass":true},{"grade":"IV","meaning":"a moderate grasp; accepted for entry-level jobs, not for matriculation","pass":false},{"grade":"V","meaning":"a limited grasp of the syllabus","pass":false},{"grade":"VI","meaning":"a very limited grasp of the syllabus","pass":false}]},{"id":"cape","name":"CAPE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE) units, set by CXC for students with at least five years of secondary school","note":"Each unit also carries module grades from A (excellent) to G (unsatisfactory).","kind":"choice","pass":"V","bands":[{"grade":"I","meaning":"excellent performance","pass":true},{"grade":"II","meaning":"a very good standard","pass":true},{"grade":"III","meaning":"a good standard","pass":true},{"grade":"IV","meaning":"a satisfactory standard","pass":true},{"grade":"V","meaning":"an acceptable level; lowest grade accepted for further study","pass":true},{"grade":"VI","meaning":"weak performance","pass":false},{"grade":"VII","meaning":"unsatisfactory performance","pass":false}]}],"facts":["UWI’s pass mark has been 50% since the 2014/2015 grading policy, which replaced the old 40% pass and dropped the C−, D+ and D grades.","A UWI degree needs a GPA of at least 2.00, and a semester GPA below 2.00 brings a warning; a second one in a row means the student must withdraw.","In the Faculty of Social Sciences at Mona, Level I courses carry no weight in the degree GPA and Level II and III courses count equally.","Mona’s undergraduate programmes ask for five CSEC subjects at General Proficiency Grades I–III, including English Language, and many also ask for two double-unit CAPE subjects.","CXC counts CSEC Grades I–IV as satisfactory for entry-level employment."],"sources":[{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies","title":"Grading Policy: The New Grading Scale","url":"https://www.uwi.edu/gradingpolicy/scale.html"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies, Mona","title":"Faculty of Science and Technology: GPA Scheme","url":"https://www.mona.uwi.edu/fst/gpa-scheme"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies","title":"Grading Policy: Frequently Asked Questions","url":"https://www.uwi.edu/gradingpolicy/faq.html"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies","title":"Grade Point Average Regulations (effective August 2014)","url":"https://www.uwi.edu/gradingpolicy/docs/regulations.pdf"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies, Mona","title":"Faculty of Social Sciences: Determination of Class of Degrees","url":"https://www.mona.uwi.edu/socsci/determination-class-degrees"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies, Mona","title":"Entry Requirements","url":"https://www.mona.uwi.edu/entry-requirements"},{"publisher":"Caribbean Examinations Council","title":"CSEC: Grading Scheme","url":"https://www.cxc.org/examinations/csec-edit/"},{"publisher":"Caribbean Examinations Council","title":"Regulations for the Conduct of Examinations","url":"https://www.cxc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/CXC-Regulations-for-the-Conduct-of-Examinations_FINAL.pdf"},{"publisher":"Caribbean Examinations Council","title":"What grades are pass grades for CAPE?","url":"https://support.cxc.org/support/solutions/articles/6000094981-what-grades-are-pass-grades-for-cape-"}]},{"slug":"japan","name":"Japan","adjective":"Japanese","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate and graduate courses at Japanese universities","note":"These are the grade points of the common GPA method, as the University of Miyazaki describes it. Miyazaki itself works out each course's grade point from the mark, (mark − 54.5) ÷ 10, so an 80 counts 2.55; the transcript legend gives each university's own.","kind":"choice","pass":"C","bands":[{"grade":"S","value":4,"native":"秀","pct":"90–100%","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":3,"native":"優","pct":"80–89%","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":2,"native":"良","pct":"70–79%","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":1,"native":"可","pct":"60–69%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"native":"不可","pct":"0–59%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Each university sets its own scale, and some have no 秀 (S), so 優 (A) covers every mark from 80 to 100; where 秀 exists it is rarely given.","The GPA is the credit-weighted average of the grade points; in the common method 秀 counts 4 and 不可 counts 0.","Some transcripts show 認 (nin) or 合 (gō) for credit given without a grade, for example after a credit transfer, and such courses stay out of the GPA.","A bachelor's degree needs at least 124 credits, and one credit stands for 45 hours of study including preparation and review.","Most high schools grade each subject from 5 (best) to 1."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Japan"},{"publisher":"University of Miyazaki","title":"GPA（厳正な成績評価の推進）","url":"https://www.miyazaki-u.ac.jp/manabi/dtlm/gpa-5.html"}]},{"slug":"kazakhstan","name":"Kazakhstan","adjective":"Kazakh","region":"Asia","lede":"In Kazakhstan, university courses are graded by percentage, letter and grade points on the national credit system: A (95–100%, 4.0) is best and D (50–54%, 1.0) is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at Kazakh universities under the national credit system","label":"A to F","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":95,"to":100,"meaning":"excellent, 4.0","pct":"95–100","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","from":90,"to":94,"meaning":"excellent, 3.67","pct":"90–94","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":85,"to":89,"meaning":"good, 3.33","pct":"85–89","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":80,"to":84,"meaning":"good, 3.0","pct":"80–84","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","from":75,"to":79,"meaning":"good, 2.67","pct":"75–79","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":70,"to":74,"meaning":"satisfactory, 2.33","pct":"70–74","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":65,"to":69,"meaning":"satisfactory, 2.0","pct":"65–69","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","from":60,"to":64,"meaning":"satisfactory, 1.67","pct":"60–64","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","from":55,"to":59,"meaning":"satisfactory, 1.33","pct":"55–59","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":50,"to":54,"meaning":"satisfactory, 1.0","pct":"50–54","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":49,"meaning":"unsatisfactory, 0","pct":"0–49","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Each letter belongs to one of four traditional marks: excellent (A, A−), good (B+ to B−), satisfactory (C+ to D) and unsatisfactory (F).","The GPA is the average of the grade points, weighted by each course's credits."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Kazakhstan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Kazakhstan"}]},{"slug":"kenya","name":"Kenya","adjective":"Kenyan","region":"Africa","title":"Kenyan Grading System: University Grades A to E & KCSE Points","lede":"In Kenya, university courses are marked out of 100 and graded A (70–100%) to E (below 40%), and 40% (grade D) is the lowest pass; the average mark sets the degree class, from first class (70% and above) down to pass (40–49%).","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses and degree classes at Kenyan universities, as set out by the University of Nairobi","label":"A to E (0 to 100%)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"40%","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":70,"to":100,"meaning":"first class honours","pct":"70–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":60,"to":69,"meaning":"second class honours (upper division)","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"second class honours (lower division)","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":40,"to":49,"meaning":"pass","pct":"40–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"E","from":0,"to":39,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–39%","pass":false}]},{"id":"kcse","name":"KCSE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, set by the Kenya National Examinations Council (KNEC)","note":"Each grade carries points from 12 (A) to 1 (E); C+ is the pass mark for university entry, and candidates below it go on to non-degree courses.","kind":"choice","pass":"C+ (the university entry mark)","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":12,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":11,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":10,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":9,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":8,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":7,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":6,"meaning":"average","pass":false},{"grade":"C−","value":5,"meaning":"average","pass":false},{"grade":"D+","value":4,"meaning":"weak","pass":false},{"grade":"D","value":3,"meaning":"weak","pass":false},{"grade":"D−","value":2,"meaning":"weak","pass":false},{"grade":"E","value":1,"meaning":"very weak","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At the University of Nairobi the pass mark is 40% in each paper and in the overall examination, though pass marks and class rules still differ between faculties.","The degree class comes from the average mark over set years of study, for example the second- and third-year examinations in agriculture at the University of Nairobi.","The KCSE mean grade is worked out from seven subjects: mathematics, the better of English and Kiswahili, and the best five other subjects.","The marks needed for each KCSE grade are not fixed and can change from year to year with the difficulty of the papers."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Kenya"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education"},{"publisher":"University of Nairobi","title":"Examinations Guide II","url":"https://academics.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/centraladmin/academics/Examinations%20Guide%20II.pdf"},{"publisher":"Kenya National Examinations Council","title":"KCSE Examination Regulations","url":"https://knec.ac.ke/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/KCSE_Regulations_2024.pdf"}]},{"slug":"kosovo","name":"Kosovo","adjective":"Kosovo","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Exams at the University of Prishtina and other Kosovo universities","kind":"number","min":5,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"6","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"native":"shkëlqyeshëm","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","from":9,"to":9,"native":"shkëlqyeshëm","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8","from":8,"to":8,"native":"shumë mirë","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"native":"mirë","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"native":"mjaftueshëm","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"pamjaftueshëm","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools in Kosovo","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"shkëlqyeshëm","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"shumë mirë","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"mirë","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"mjaftueshëm","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"dobët","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At the University of Prishtina, 9 and 10 share the same word, shkëlqyeshëm (excellent), and any grade from 6 to 10 passes the exam.","The university's senate sets the detailed rules for awarding each grade, such as the points an exam needs for a 6 or a 10."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Kosovo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Kosovo"},{"publisher":"University of Prishtina","title":"Statute of the University of Prishtina, article 109","url":"https://mjekesia.uni-pr.edu/desk/inc/media/370C2473-D616-48B9-87D8-995A06038250.pdf"}]},{"slug":"kuwait","name":"Kuwait","adjective":"Kuwaiti","region":"Middle East","lede":"In Kuwait, university grades run from A (best) to F on a 4-point scale, and D is the lowest pass at Kuwait University.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at Kuwait University","note":"The percentage needed for each letter is set in each course's syllabus, so it differs between courses.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.67,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.33,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.67,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.33,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.67,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.33,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Kuwait University multiplies each course's grade points by its credit hours to give a grade point average out of 4.00.","Each course syllabus sets the marks needed for each letter; in one College of Business Administration course an A needs 95 and a mark below 60 fails.","Undergraduates whose GPA falls below 2.0 receive an academic warning, and too many warnings lead to dismissal.","Each college keeps an honours list of students with a GPA of 3.5 or more, and students who graduate on time with a GPA of 3.67 receive an honours degree."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Kuwait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Kuwait"},{"publisher":"Kuwait University","title":"Academic and Admission","url":"https://www.ku.edu.kw/academic-and-admission"},{"publisher":"Kuwait University, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences","title":"Admission, Registration and Transfer Regulations","url":"https://ahs.ku.edu.kw/sites/default/files/2024-10/11%20ART%20Regulations.pdf"},{"publisher":"Kuwait University, Information Science Department","title":"Grading scale","url":"https://isc.ku.edu.kw/MSCIS_Some-Important-Information.php?panel=8"},{"publisher":"Kuwait University, College of Business Administration","title":"Course syllabus 1013-472","url":"https://cmu.cba.ku.edu.kw/archive/syllabi/2025/Spring/1013-472.pdf"},{"publisher":"Kuwait University, Information Science Department","title":"ABET self-study report, Criterion 1: Students","url":"https://isc.ku.edu.kw/documents/ABET/self%20study%20report/ISC%20Self%20Study%20Report%20Criterion1%20Students%20Jan%202%202017.pdf"}]},{"slug":"kyrgyzstan","name":"Kyrgyzstan","adjective":"Kyrgyz","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"five","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools and universities in Kyrgyzstan","kind":"choice","pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"very poor","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A 1 is rarely given, so in practice 2 is the usual failing grade.","Students keep their grades in an official record book, usually called by its Russian name, zachyotka, which they can show to employers and universities."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Kyrgyzstan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Kyrgyzstan"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Kyrgyzstan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Kyrgyzstan"}]},{"slug":"latvia","name":"Latvia","adjective":"Latvian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools and universities","note":"Some universities set the lowest pass at 5 instead of 4.","kind":"choice","pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"native":"izcili","meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"native":"teicami","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"native":"ļoti labi","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"native":"labi","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"native":"gandrīz labi","meaning":"almost good","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"viduvēji","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"gandrīz viduvēji","meaning":"almost satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"vāji","meaning":"poor","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"ļoti vāji","meaning":"very poor","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"ļoti, ļoti vāji","meaning":"very, very poor","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A 10 is kept for exceptional achievement, so 9 is the usual top grade.","When no work is handed in, the record shows nv (nav vērtējuma, no assessment) instead of a grade; a 0 was used in the past.","The marks needed for each grade differ between schools and universities, so the percentage behind a grade depends on where it was given."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Latvia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Latvia"}]},{"slug":"lebanon","name":"Lebanon","adjective":"Lebanese","region":"Middle East","systems":[{"id":"twenty","name":"School grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools teaching the Lebanese or French curriculum, the Lebanese Baccalaureate and French-system universities in Lebanon","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"10–20","from":10,"to":20,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"aub","name":"Grades at the American University of Beirut","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at the American University of Beirut (AUB) for students who entered from fall 2019–20","note":"The GPA is capped at 4.0, so an A+ (4.3) cannot lift it higher.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.3,"meaning":"top grade","pct":"93–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"pass","pct":"87–92%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"meaning":"pass","pct":"83–86%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"meaning":"pass","pct":"79–82%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"pass","pct":"75–78%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"meaning":"pass","pct":"72–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"meaning":"pass","pct":"69–71%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"pass","pct":"66–68%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.7,"meaning":"pass","pct":"63–65%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.3,"meaning":"pass","pct":"61–62%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"lowest pass","pct":"60%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"below 60%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Schools on the Lebanese or French programme grade out of 20 with 10 as the pass mark, though some schools pass students from as low as 7.","Top marks are rare: in some schools 14 out of 20 is the highest essay mark, with class averages of 9 or 10.","The general average (moyenne générale) weights each subject by its weekly hours.","Universities differ: some use American letter grades, others a 0 to 100 scale with a pass mark of 60 or 70, and French-system universities the 0 to 20 scale.","At AUB, students who entered before fall 2019–20 have numeric grades out of 100, and every student needs a cumulative GPA of at least 2.3 to graduate."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Lebanon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Lebanon"},{"publisher":"American University of Beirut","title":"Undergraduate Catalogue 2025–26: General University Academic Information","url":"https://www.aub.edu.lb/Registrar/catalogue2025-26/ug/Pages/general-university-academic-information.aspx"},{"publisher":"American University of Beirut","title":"Department of Chemical Engineering: grades and letter grade conversion","url":"https://www.aub.edu.lb/msfea/cpe/CHEN-BS-BE/Documents/Grades.pdf"}]},{"slug":"lithuania","name":"Lithuania","adjective":"Lithuanian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Universities and colleges","kind":"choice","pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"native":"puikiai","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"native":"labai gerai","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"native":"gerai","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"native":"vidutiniškai","meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"native":"patenkinamai","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"silpnai","meaning":"weak","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"nepatenkinamai","meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"nepatenkinamai","meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"nepatenkinamai","meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"nepatenkinamai","meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools","kind":"choice","pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"native":"puikiai","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"native":"labai gerai","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"native":"gerai","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"native":"pakankamai gerai","meaning":"good enough","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"native":"patenkinamai","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"pakankamai patenkinamai","meaning":"satisfactory enough","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"silpnai","meaning":"weak","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"blogai","meaning":"poor","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"labai blogai","meaning":"very poor","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"no answer, or the task not done","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Lithuania has used the 10-point scale since 1993; before that it used the Soviet 5-point scale.","The same grade can pass at school and fail at university: 4 is the lowest pass in schools, while universities need at least 5.","A 1 is usually given only when no work is handed in, and most teachers treat 2 as the lowest mark in practice."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Lithuania"}]},{"slug":"luxembourg","name":"Luxembourg","adjective":"Luxembourg","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"secondary","name":"Secondary school marks","level":"secondary","scope":"Classical and general secondary schools (enseignement secondaire classique and général)","note":"Tests, term marks and yearly marks all use the same 60-point scale.","kind":"number","min":1,"max":60,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"30","bands":[{"grade":"30–60","from":30,"to":60,"native":"suffisant","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"01–29","from":1,"to":29,"native":"insuffisant","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]},{"id":"university","name":"University of Luxembourg grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at the University of Luxembourg","note":"The bands are the university's own words for a weighted average.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"18–20","from":18,"to":20,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"16–18","from":16,"to":18,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"12–14","from":12,"to":14,"meaning":"fair","pass":true},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Secondary school marks run from 01 to 60, and a mark of 30 or more is sufficient.","A mark below 30 is called a Datz in Luxembourgish.","In the lower classes of general secondary education, marks of 26 to 29, 36 to 39 and 46 to 49 are in-between zones where teachers decide which level a pupil has reached.","The University of Luxembourg grades on a 20-point scale like France, and 10 is enough to pass a course."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Luxembourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Luxembourg"},{"publisher":"University of Luxembourg","title":"After your study exchange: grading system","url":"https://www.uni.lu/en/mobility/incoming-exchange-students/after-your-study-exchange/"}]},{"slug":"malaysia","name":"Malaysia","adjective":"Malaysian","region":"Asia","title":"Malaysian Grading System: University CGPA (4.0) & SPM Grades","lede":"In Malaysia, university grades run from A+ (best) to F on a 4.00 scale, and at Universiti Malaya C is the lowest pass for a course.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's degree courses at Universiti Malaya (UM)","note":"Other Malaysian universities use similar letters with their own marks and points.","kind":"choice","pass":"C","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4,"pct":"90–100%","meaning":"high distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"pct":"80–89%","meaning":"distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"pct":"75–79%","meaning":"distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"pct":"70–74%","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"pct":"65–69%","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"pct":"60–64%","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"pct":"55–59%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"pct":"50–54%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.7,"pct":"45–49%","meaning":"fail","pass":false},{"grade":"D+","value":1.3,"pct":"40–44%","meaning":"fail","pass":false},{"grade":"D","value":1,"pct":"35–39%","meaning":"fail","pass":false},{"grade":"F","value":0,"pct":"0–34%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"spm","name":"SPM grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), the national exam at the end of Form 5","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A+","native":"cemerlang tertinggi","pct":"90–100%","meaning":"highest distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"A","native":"cemerlang tinggi","pct":"80–89%","meaning":"high distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","native":"cemerlang","pct":"70–79%","meaning":"distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","native":"kepujian tertinggi","pct":"65–69%","meaning":"highest credit","pass":true},{"grade":"B","native":"kepujian tinggi","pct":"60–64%","meaning":"high credit","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","native":"kepujian atas","pct":"55–59%","meaning":"upper credit","pass":true},{"grade":"C","native":"kepujian","pct":"50–54%","meaning":"credit","pass":true},{"grade":"D","native":"lulus atas","pct":"45–49%","meaning":"upper pass","pass":true},{"grade":"E","native":"lulus","pct":"40–44%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"G","native":"gagal","pct":"0–39%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At Universiti Malaya, C−, D+ and D carry grade points (1.70, 1.30 and 1.00) but are fails, because C is the passing grade for every course.","A+ and A both count 4.00, so 4.00 is the highest possible CGPA.","Universiti Malaya expects a CGPA of at least 2.00 every semester and gives a Dean's Award for a semester GPA of 3.70 or more.","In the SPM, A+ to C are distinction and credit grades, D and E are passes below credit, and G is a fail.","The SPM scale with A+ at the top has been used since 2009."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Universiti Malaya","title":"Faculty of Science Handbook 2025/2026: grading system","url":"https://ebook.um.edu.my/fsains/FINAL_HANDBOOK_20252026/files/basic-html/page13.html"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Bahasa Melayu)","title":"Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia","url":"https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sijil_Pelajaran_Malaysia"}]},{"slug":"malta","name":"Malta","adjective":"Maltese","region":"Europe","title":"Maltese Grading System: University Grades A+ to F & Matriculation Grades","lede":"At the University of Malta, study-units are marked out of 100 and graded A+ (90–100%) to F (0–44%), and 45% (grade D) is the lowest pass; MATSEC grades Matriculation subjects A to F, and E is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Study-units in undergraduate courses at the University of Malta","note":"Both the percentage mark and the letter grade go on the academic record, and the percentage is what counts for progress and the degree class.","label":"A+ to F (0 to 100%)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"45%","bands":[{"grade":"A+","from":90,"to":100,"meaning":"work of exceptional quality","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","from":80,"to":89,"meaning":"full and critical understanding","pct":"80–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":75,"to":79,"meaning":"full understanding","pct":"75–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":70,"to":74,"meaning":"substantial understanding","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":60,"to":69,"meaning":"sound understanding","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":55,"to":59,"meaning":"satisfactory understanding","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","from":50,"to":54,"meaning":"satisfactory understanding with shortcomings","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":45,"to":49,"meaning":"basic understanding; lowest pass","pct":"45–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":44,"meaning":"inadequate understanding: fail","pct":"0–44%","pass":false}]},{"id":"matriculation","name":"Matriculation grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Subjects taken at Advanced (AM) or Intermediate (IM) level for the MATSEC Matriculation Certificate","note":"The grade points are added up, not averaged: the certificate needs at least 44 from six subjects.","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","meaning":"30 grade points at Advanced level, 10 at Intermediate","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"24 grade points at Advanced level, 8 at Intermediate","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"18 grade points at Advanced level, 6 at Intermediate","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"12 grade points at Advanced level, 4 at Intermediate","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"lowest pass; 6 grade points at Advanced level, 2 at Intermediate","pass":true},{"grade":"F","meaning":"fail; no grade points","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A bachelor’s honours degree is classed by the final weighted average mark: first class at 80% and above, upper second 70–79%, lower second 55–69% and third 45–54%.","The year average is weighted by credits and kept to one decimal place, while the final average that sets the class is rounded to a whole number.","A mark of 35–44% in a compensatable study-unit can become a compensated pass (CP) when the student does well in other units.","The Matriculation Certificate needs two Advanced and three Intermediate level subjects plus Systems of Knowledge, and at least 44 grade points in total."],"sources":[{"publisher":"University of Malta","title":"General Regulations for University Undergraduate Awards, 2019","url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/media/um/docs/services/administrativesupport/apqru/Undergraduate_Assessment_Regulations.pdf"},{"publisher":"MATSEC Examinations Board, University of Malta","title":"Matriculation Examination Regulations 2025","url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/media/um/docs/directorates/matsec/regulations/MatriculationExaminationRegulations2025.pdf"}]},{"slug":"mauritius","name":"Mauritius","adjective":"Mauritian","region":"Africa","title":"Mauritian Grading System: University Grades A+ to F, Pass Mark & CPA Classes","lede":"At the University of Mauritius, modules are marked out of 100 and graded A+ (80 and above) to F (below 40), and 40% (grade D) is the lowest pass in most programmes.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate and taught postgraduate modules at the University of Mauritius","note":"Each grade carries grade points (A+ and A both 4.00), but the class of degree is worked out from the percentage marks.","label":"A+ to F (0 to 100%)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"40%","bands":[{"grade":"A+","from":80,"to":100,"meaning":"4.00 grade points","pct":"x ≥ 80","pass":true},{"grade":"A","from":70,"to":80,"meaning":"4.00 grade points","pct":"70 ≤ x < 80","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":60,"to":70,"meaning":"3.00 grade points","pct":"60 ≤ x < 70","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":50,"to":60,"meaning":"2.00 grade points","pct":"50 ≤ x < 60","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":40,"to":50,"meaning":"1.00 grade point; lowest pass","pct":"40 ≤ x < 50","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":40,"meaning":"fail; no credits or grade points","pct":"x < 40","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Programmes with a 50% pass mark have no grade D, so any mark below 50 is an F.","The class of degree rests on the final CPA, the credit-weighted average of module marks: first class from 70, second class first division from 60, second class second division from 50, third class from 45 and a pass from 40, while programmes with a 50% pass mark stop at the second class, second division.","Failed modules stay in the CPA, so a fail pulls the average down.","A student moves on to the next year with a CPA of at least 40, or 50 in some programmes.","A passed resit is recorded at the minimum pass mark, and the earlier mark leaves the CPA."],"sources":[{"publisher":"University of Mauritius","title":"Regulations 2026–2027, Chapter 4: Assessment, Progression and Award","url":"https://www.uom.ac.mu/images/FILES/Regulations/2026_2027/chap4.pdf"}]},{"slug":"mexico","name":"Mexico","adjective":"Mexican","region":"North America","title":"Mexican Grading System: 0 to 10 Scale, Pass Mark & US Grades","lede":"In Mexico, grades run from 10 (best) to 0, and 6 is the lowest pass in schools and at universities such as UNAM; some universities require 7. Marks are often written out of 100, so 85 is the same as 8.5.","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools and universities across Mexico; many write the same marks out of 100","note":"Some universities, including the federal institutes of technology and some private universities, pass a subject only at 7 (70).","label":"0 to 10","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"6","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9.0–9.9","from":9,"to":9.9,"native":"muy bien","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8.0–8.9","from":8,"to":8.9,"native":"bien","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7.0–7.9","from":7,"to":7.9,"native":"regular","meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"6.0–6.9","from":6,"to":6.9,"native":"suficiente","meaning":"sufficient, lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–5.9","from":0,"to":5.9,"native":"NA (no acreditada)","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"grades","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Mexico"},"rows":[{"grade":"9.0–10.0","from":9,"to":10,"us":"A"},{"grade":"8.0–8.9","from":8,"to":8.9,"us":"B"},{"grade":"6.0–7.9","from":6,"to":7.9,"us":"C, D"},{"grade":"0–5.9","from":0,"to":5.9,"us":"E, F"}],"note":"The same table gives a US GPA range for each row: 3.5–4.0 for 9.0–10.0, 3.0–3.49 for 8.0–8.9, 2.0–2.99 for 6.0–7.9, and below 2.0 for 0–5.9."},"facts":["Failed subjects usually appear on certificates as NA (no acreditada) rather than a number; UNAM records a fail as 5, and NP means the student did not sit the exam.","Grades are absolute rather than curved, so the best student in a class can finish well below 10.","Some universities let a student who failed a subject take an extraordinary exam (examen extraordinario) on the whole course, and its score replaces the course grade.","A final average of 9 (90) or more usually earns an honors diploma, and master's and doctoral programs commonly ask for an average of 8 (80)."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Mexico"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Mexico"},{"publisher":"UNAM","title":"Reglamento General de Exámenes","url":"https://www.abogadogeneral.unam.mx/sites/default/files/archivos/LegUniv/29-ReglamentoGeneralExamenes_UNAM_210425.pdf"}]},{"slug":"moldova","name":"Moldova","adjective":"Moldovan","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Lower and upper secondary schools, national exams and universities","kind":"choice","pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"meaning":"satisfactory (some weaknesses)","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"meaning":"satisfactory (significant weaknesses)","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"3","value":3,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A 5 is the lowest grade that passes a course, a term or a national exam, and grades 1 to 4 are fails.","Primary school (years 1 to 4) gives no number grades: pupils are assessed against descriptors with the ratings Foarte bine (very good), Bine (good) and Suficient (sufficient).","The 10-point scale is the same one used in Romania."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Moldova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Moldova"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Romania"},{"publisher":"Romanian Wikipedia","title":"Educația în Republica Moldova","url":"https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educa%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_Republica_Moldova"}]},{"slug":"morocco","name":"Morocco","adjective":"Moroccan","region":"Africa","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Secondary schools and universities in Morocco","note":"The honours (mentions) apply to an overall average, such as that of a licence degree.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"16–20","from":16,"to":20,"native":"très bien","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"native":"bien","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"12–14","from":12,"to":14,"native":"assez bien","meaning":"fairly good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"native":"passable","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A licence semester is validated with an average of at least 10 out of 20 across its modules and no module below 5, so weaker modules can be offset by stronger ones.","A resit exam (rattrapage) replaces a final exam or practical mark below 10.","Marks of 18 to 20 are rarely given, and in some subjects, especially the humanities and social sciences, a 12 already counts as an excellent mark.","Algeria and Tunisia use a very similar 0 to 20 scale."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Morocco"},{"publisher":"Faculté des Sciences de Rabat, Université Mohammed V","title":"LMD : mode d'emploi","url":"https://www.fsr.ac.ma/content/lmdmode-demploi"}]},{"slug":"namibia","name":"Namibia","adjective":"Namibian","region":"Africa","title":"Namibian Grading System: UNAM Marks, NSSCO A* to G & NSSCAS a to e","lede":"At the University of Namibia, modules are marked out of 100 and graded A (80% and above, distinction) to E (49% and below, fail), and 50% (grade D) is the lowest pass; at school, NSSCO subjects are graded A* to G and NSSCAS subjects a to e.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Modules, diplomas and bachelor’s degrees at the University of Namibia (UNAM)","note":"The same bands give the class of a degree or diploma when applied to the final mean percentage.","label":"A to E (0 to 100%)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50%","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":80,"to":100,"meaning":"distinction; first class as a degree average","pct":"80 and above","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":70,"to":79,"meaning":"very good; upper second class","pct":"70–79","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":60,"to":69,"meaning":"good; lower second class","pct":"60–69","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"satisfactory; pass","pct":"50–59","pass":true},{"grade":"E","from":0,"to":49,"meaning":"fail","pct":"49 and below","pass":false}]},{"id":"nssco","name":"NSSCO grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate at Ordinary level (NSSCO), studied in Grades 10 and 11","kind":"choice","pass":"G","bands":[{"grade":"A*","meaning":"highest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"A","meaning":"pass; C or better prepares for NSSCAS in the subject","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"pass; C or better prepares for NSSCAS in the subject","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"pass; C or better prepares for NSSCAS in the subject","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"G","meaning":"lowest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"U","meaning":"ungraded: below the minimum standard for a pass","pass":false}]},{"id":"nsscas","name":"NSSCAS grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Namibia Senior Secondary Certificate at Advanced Subsidiary level (NSSCAS), studied in Grade 12","kind":"choice","pass":"e","bands":[{"grade":"a","meaning":"highest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"b","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"c","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"d","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"e","meaning":"lowest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"U","meaning":"ungraded: below the standard for a pass at NSSCAS level","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A UNAM module needs a final mark of at least 50%, with at least 40% in the examination and 35% in each paper when the examination has more than one.","A module is passed with distinction at 80% or more with at least 60% in each paper.","A degree or diploma is awarded cum laude when the average of all its modules is 80% or more.","A UNAM bachelor’s degree carries at least 480 credits, typically four years of full-time study."],"sources":[{"publisher":"University of Namibia","title":"General Information and Regulations Prospectus 2025","url":"https://www.unam.edu.na/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/General-Regulations-2025i.pdf"},{"publisher":"National Institute for Educational Development (NIED), Ministry of Education","title":"NSSCO Agricultural Science Syllabus, Grades 10–11","url":"https://www.nied.edu.na/assets/documents/02Syllabuses/05SeniorSecondary/Agriculture/NSSCO_Agricultural_Science_syllabus.pdf"},{"publisher":"National Institute for Educational Development (NIED), Ministry of Education","title":"NSSCAS Design and Technology Syllabus, Grade 12","url":"https://www.nied.edu.na/assets/documents/02Syllabuses/05SeniorSecondary/DesignandTechnology/NSSCAS_Design_and_Technology_Syllabus_Oct_2020_Final.pdf"}]},{"slug":"nepal","name":"Nepal","adjective":"Nepali","region":"Asia","lede":"In Nepal, the SEE at the end of grade 10 and the National Examinations Board's grade 12 exams give letter grades from A+ (90% or more, 4.0 grade points) down to D (35% to under 40%, 1.6). Below 35% a subject is NG, not graded.","systems":[{"id":"neb","name":"SEE and NEB grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Secondary Education Examination (grade 10) and National Examinations Board results","note":"Each subject's percentage gives a letter and grade points, and the GPA averages the grade points.","label":"A+ to NG","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","from":90,"to":100,"meaning":"outstanding, 4.0","pct":"90% or more","pass":true},{"grade":"A","from":80,"to":90,"meaning":"excellent, 3.6","pct":"80% to under 90%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":70,"to":80,"meaning":"very good, 3.2","pct":"70% to under 80%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":60,"to":70,"meaning":"good, 2.8","pct":"60% to under 70%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":50,"to":60,"meaning":"above average, 2.4","pct":"50% to under 60%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":40,"to":50,"meaning":"average, 2.0","pct":"40% to under 50%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":35,"to":40,"meaning":"below average, 1.6","pct":"35% to under 40%","pass":true},{"grade":"NG","from":0,"to":35,"meaning":"non graded","pct":"under 35%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Letter grades with grade points replaced the old SLC percentage divisions from the 2072 BS (2015–16) exam.","Universities and other boards in Nepal set their own grading scales."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Nepal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Nepal"}]},{"slug":"netherlands","name":"Netherlands","prose":"the Netherlands","adjective":"Dutch","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Secondary schools, final exams, universities and universities of applied sciences in the Netherlands","note":"Each band is the range that rounds to one whole grade, shown in brackets: 5.5 to 6.4 rounds to a 6, the lowest pass.","label":"1 to 10","kind":"number","min":1,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"5.5","bands":[{"grade":"9.5–10","from":9.5,"to":10,"native":"uitmuntend","meaning":"outstanding (10)","pass":true},{"grade":"8.5–9.4","from":8.5,"to":9.4,"native":"zeer goed","meaning":"very good (9)","pass":true},{"grade":"7.5–8.4","from":7.5,"to":8.4,"native":"goed","meaning":"good (8)","pass":true},{"grade":"6.5–7.4","from":6.5,"to":7.4,"native":"ruim voldoende","meaning":"more than satisfactory (7)","pass":true},{"grade":"5.5–6.4","from":5.5,"to":6.4,"native":"voldoende","meaning":"satisfactory (6)","pass":true},{"grade":"4.5–5.4","from":4.5,"to":5.4,"meaning":"almost satisfactory (5)","pass":false,"native":"matig"},{"grade":"3.5–4.4","from":3.5,"to":4.4,"native":"onvoldoende","meaning":"unsatisfactory (4)","pass":false},{"grade":"2.5–3.4","from":2.5,"to":3.4,"native":"ruim onvoldoende","meaning":"very unsatisfactory (3)","pass":false},{"grade":"1.5–2.4","from":1.5,"to":2.4,"native":"slecht","meaning":"poor (2)","pass":false},{"grade":"1.0–1.4","from":1,"to":1.4,"native":"zeer slecht","meaning":"very poor (1)","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"grades","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Netherlands)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Netherlands"},"rows":[{"grade":"8.5–10","from":8.5,"to":10,"us":"A+"},{"grade":"7.5–8","from":7.5,"to":8,"us":"A"},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"us":"B+"},{"grade":"6.5","from":6.5,"to":6.5,"us":"B"},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"us":"C"},{"grade":"5.5","from":5.5,"to":5.5,"us":"D"},{"grade":"1–5","from":1,"to":5,"us":"F"}],"note":"Wikipedia credits this table to Nuffic, the Dutch organisation for international education, and lists only whole and half grades."},"facts":["A 9 is seldom given and a 10 is extremely rare, so an average of 8 already counts as an excellent result.","When a final grade is given as a whole number, 6 and above passes and 5 and below fails; with one decimal, 5.5 passes and 5.4 fails.","Teachers often turn a test score into a grade as 1 plus 9 times the share of points earned, so the lowest possible grade is 1.","Grades such as 7+ and 7− mean a quarter above or below, counted as about 7.3 and 6.8.","Universities award a degree cum laude for an average of usually at least 8 or 8.5 with no grade below 6 or 7, and the exact rule varies."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in the Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_Netherlands"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Netherlands)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Netherlands"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Dutch)","title":"Schoolcijfer","url":"https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoolcijfer"}],"lede":"In the Netherlands, grades run from 10 (best) to 1, and 5.5 is the lowest pass, because it rounds up to a 6."},{"slug":"new-zealand","name":"New Zealand","adjective":"New Zealand","region":"Oceania","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at New Zealand universities; the marks and grade points shown are the University of Auckland's","note":"Other universities use the same letters, but the mark ranges vary: A+ commonly starts at 90% or at 85%.","kind":"choice","pass":"C−","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":9,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":8,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"85–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":7,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"80–84%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":6,"meaning":"good","pct":"75–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":5,"meaning":"good","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":4,"meaning":"good","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":3,"meaning":"pass","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"pass","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1,"meaning":"lowest pass","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"45–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"D","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"40–44%","pass":false},{"grade":"D−","value":0,"meaning":"fail: highly unsatisfactory work","pct":"0–39%","pass":false}]},{"id":"ncea","name":"NCEA grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Achievement standards in NCEA, the national secondary school qualification","note":"Unit standards are graded only Achieved or Not Achieved.","kind":"choice","pass":"Achieved","bands":[{"grade":"Excellence","native":"Achievement with Excellence (E)","meaning":"comprehensive understanding","pass":true},{"grade":"Merit","native":"Achievement with Merit (M)","meaning":"in-depth understanding","pass":true},{"grade":"Achieved","native":"Achievement (A)","meaning":"understanding of the material","pass":true},{"grade":"Not Achieved","native":"Not Achieved (N)","meaning":"standard not met","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A university GPA runs from 0 to 9: each course's grade points (A+ 9 down to C− 1, fails 0) are averaged, weighted by the course's points value.","At the University of Auckland a GPA of 7.0 or above earns first class honours in a postgraduate honours or master's degree, and 5.5 to 6.9 second class honours (first division).","An NCEA certificate is endorsed with Merit or Excellence when the student gains 50 credits at that grade or higher, at the certificate's level or above.","NCEA is being replaced: a new foundational qualification for Year 11 starts in 2028, the New Zealand Certificate of Education (Year 12) in 2029 and the Advanced Certificate (Year 13) in 2030."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_New_Zealand"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#New_Zealand"},{"publisher":"University of Auckland","title":"Grade Descriptors Policy","url":"https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/about-us/about-the-university/policy-hub/education-student-experience/assessment/grade-descriptors-policy.html"},{"publisher":"University of Auckland","title":"Assessment of Courses Procedures","url":"https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/about-us/about-the-university/policy-hub/education-student-experience/assessment/assessment-courses-procedures.html"},{"publisher":"NZQA","title":"NCEA endorsements","url":"https://www2.nzqa.govt.nz/ncea/about-ncea/ncea-endorsements/"},{"publisher":"Ministry of Education","title":"More details about new senior secondary qualifications","url":"https://www.education.govt.nz/news/more-details-about-new-senior-secondary-qualifications"}]},{"slug":"nicaragua","name":"Nicaragua","adjective":"Nicaraguan","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools in Nicaragua","label":"0 to 100","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"60","bands":[{"grade":"60–100","from":60,"to":100,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–59","from":0,"to":59,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The school year runs from February to November.","Admission to university rests on the bachillerato, the secondary school-leaving qualification, together with an entrance exam.","The licenciatura, the main undergraduate degree, takes four or five years, and a master's degree (maestría) takes two years and ends with a thesis."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Education in Nicaragua: grading system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Nicaragua#Grading_system"}]},{"slug":"nigeria","name":"Nigeria","adjective":"Nigerian","region":"Africa","title":"Nigerian Grading System: 5-Point CGPA, Degree Classes & WAEC Grades","lede":"In Nigeria, university courses are graded A (70–100%, 5 points) to F (below 40%, 0 points), and E (40–44%) is the lowest pass; a final CGPA of 4.50 or more on the 5-point scale earns a first class degree.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at Nigerian universities, on the National Universities Commission's 5-point scale","note":"Each grade carries the points shown, and the GPA or CGPA is their average weighted by course units.","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":5,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"70–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":4,"meaning":"very good","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":3,"meaning":"good","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":2,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"45–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"E","value":1,"meaning":"adequate","pct":"40–44%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–39%","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's degrees at Nigerian universities, classed by the CGPA at the end of the programme","kind":"number","min":0,"max":5,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"1.00","bands":[{"grade":"First class","from":4.5,"to":5,"meaning":"first class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Second upper","from":3.5,"to":4.49,"meaning":"second class honours (upper division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Second lower","from":2.4,"to":3.49,"meaning":"second class honours (lower division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Third class","from":1.5,"to":2.39,"meaning":"third class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":1,"to":1.49,"meaning":"pass degree","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 1.00","from":0,"to":0.99,"meaning":"below the minimum CGPA: probation, then withdrawal","pass":false}]},{"id":"wassce","name":"WASSCE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The West African Senior School Certificate Examination, set by WAEC at the end of senior secondary school","note":"NECO's Senior School Certificate Examination uses the same nine grades and descriptors.","kind":"choice","pass":"E8","bands":[{"grade":"A1","meaning":"excellent","pct":"75–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B2","meaning":"very good","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"B3","meaning":"good","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C4","meaning":"credit","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"C5","meaning":"credit","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C6","meaning":"credit","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"D7","meaning":"pass","pct":"45–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"E8","meaning":"pass","pct":"40–44%","pass":true},{"grade":"F9","meaning":"fail","pct":"0–39%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The CGPA counts every course taken, passed or failed, and every attempt at a repeated course, so a failed course still counts after it is passed.","The CGPA is worked out to two decimal places, so 4.49 is a second class upper and 4.50 a first.","A CGPA below 1.00 at the end of a year puts a student on probation, and a CGPA still below 1.00 after the probation year leads to withdrawal.","Postgraduate coursework usually needs 50% to pass, not 40%.","For a degree place, WASSCE grades should be credits (C6 or better), above all in English language and mathematics; candidates with D7 or lower in those subjects are advised to resit."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Nigeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Nigeria"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"West African Senior School Certificate Examination","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_Senior_School_Certificate_Examination"},{"publisher":"National Universities Commission","title":"Core Curriculum and Minimum Academic Standards (CCMAS) for Nigerian Universities: Computing","url":"https://www.nuc.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Computing-CCMAS-2023-FINAL.pdf"},{"publisher":"Obafemi Awolowo University","title":"University Examination Regulations","url":"https://eportal.oauife.edu.ng/downloads/ExaminationREgulations.pdf"}]},{"slug":"north-macedonia","name":"North Macedonia","adjective":"North Macedonian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at universities in North Macedonia","kind":"number","min":5,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"6","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"meaning":"exceptional","pct":"91–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"9","from":9,"to":9,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"81–90%","pass":true},{"grade":"8","from":8,"to":8,"meaning":"very good","pct":"71–80%","pass":true},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"meaning":"good","pct":"61–70%","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"meaning":"sufficient","pct":"51–60%","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"meaning":"insufficient","pct":"1–50%","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools in North Macedonia","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"одличен (odličen)","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"многу добар (mnogu dobar)","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"добар (dobar)","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"доволен (dovolen)","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"недоволен (nedovolen)","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["University grades are usually not given word labels: a course is simply passed with 6 to 10 or failed with 5.","A failing 5 is almost never entered in a student's record book, so transcripts normally list only passing grades.","Each university grade stands for a band of points out of 100: 51 to 60 points gives a 6, and every further 10 points raises the grade by one, up to 10 for 91 to 100."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: North Macedonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#North_Macedonia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (German)","title":"Schulnote: Nordmazedonien","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulnote#Nordmazedonien"}]},{"slug":"norway","name":"Norway","adjective":"Norwegian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Norwegian universities and university colleges","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","native":"fremragende","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B","native":"meget god","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","native":"god","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"D","native":"nokså god","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"E","native":"tilstrekkelig","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"F","native":"ikke bestått","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Lower and upper secondary school (ungdomsskole and videregående skole)","note":"In lower secondary school no grade is a fail; the pass line applies in upper secondary school.","kind":"choice","pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"6","value":6,"meaning":"outstanding competence","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"meaning":"very good competence","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"meaning":"good competence","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"meaning":"fairly good competence","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"meaning":"low competence","pass":true},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"very low competence","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Norwegian universities switched to the A to F scale around 2003; before that most used 1.0 (best) to 6.0, with 4.0 as the lowest pass, and older transcripts can show both.","Some university courses are graded only pass or fail.","School grades on the diploma (vitnemål) are whole numbers from 1 to 6, and the diploma also shows the average; marks such as 5+ or 4/5 appear only on tests.","A full year of study is worth 60 credits (studiepoeng)."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Norway"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Norway)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Norway"}]},{"slug":"pakistan","name":"Pakistan","adjective":"Pakistani","region":"Asia","title":"Pakistani Grading System: HEC 4.0 CGPA, Percentages & Divisions","lede":"Pakistani universities on the semester system follow the HEC's grading: 85% or more is an A, worth 3.67 to 4.00 grade points, and 50% (D) is the lowest pass. Board exams and older annual-system degrees give percentages with divisions: first from 60%, second from 45%, third from 33%.","systems":[{"id":"hec","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Semester-system bachelor's and master's courses at Pakistani universities, under the Higher Education Commission's uniform grading","note":"Each letter carries a range of grade points, and the CGPA averages those points by credit hours.","label":"0 to 100% (A to F)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50%","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":85,"to":100,"meaning":"3.67–4.00 grade points","pct":"85 and above","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","from":80,"to":84,"meaning":"3.34–3.66 grade points","pct":"80–84","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":75,"to":79,"meaning":"3.01–3.33 grade points","pct":"75–79","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":71,"to":74,"meaning":"2.67–3.00 grade points","pct":"71–74","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","from":68,"to":70,"meaning":"2.34–2.66 grade points","pct":"68–70","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":64,"to":67,"meaning":"2.01–2.33 grade points","pct":"64–67","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":61,"to":63,"meaning":"1.67–2.00 grade points","pct":"61–63","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","from":58,"to":60,"meaning":"1.31–1.66 grade points","pct":"58–60","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","from":54,"to":57,"meaning":"1.01–1.30 grade points","pct":"54–57","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":50,"to":53,"meaning":"0.10–1.00 grade points","pct":"50–53","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":49,"meaning":"fail, 0.00 grade points","pct":"below 50","pass":false}]},{"id":"divisions","name":"Divisions","level":"both","scope":"Matric and intermediate board results and annual-system degrees","label":"0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"33%","bands":[{"grade":"First","from":60,"to":100,"meaning":"first division","pct":"60–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"Second","from":45,"to":59.99,"meaning":"second division","pct":"45–59.99%","pass":true},{"grade":"Third","from":33,"to":44.99,"meaning":"third division","pct":"33–44.99%","pass":true},{"grade":"Fail","from":0,"to":32.99,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–32.99%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["HEC's grade points are ranges, so two universities can give different points for the same letter.","The division scheme is the older system; universities on the semester system report a CGPA out of 4.00 instead."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Pakistan"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Pakistan"},{"publisher":"Higher Education Commission Pakistan","title":"Policy guidelines for implementation of uniform semester system","url":"https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/universities/Documents/Final%20Examination%20Policy%20Guidelines.pdf"}]},{"slug":"panama","name":"Panama","adjective":"Panamanian","region":"Central and South America","lede":"At the University of Panama, grades run from A (91–100, best) to F (below 61). C (71–80) is the lowest pass in a core course, and D (61–70) passes only courses outside the core.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate degrees at the University of Panama (Universidad de Panamá)","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":3,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pct":"91–100","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":2,"native":"bueno","meaning":"good","pct":"81–90","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":1,"native":"regular","meaning":"fair, lowest pass in a core course","pct":"71–80","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":0,"native":"mínima","meaning":"minimum pass, for courses outside the core only","pct":"61–70","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"native":"no aprobado","meaning":"fail","pct":"below 61","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A core course graded D must be passed again with at least a C, although the student may go on to the courses that require it.","The career index (índice de carrera) averages the points of every course taken in the program, weighted by credits, with A worth 3, B 2, C 1, and D and F 0.","Postgraduate programs and some faculties follow their own grading rules approved by the university's Academic Council.","Panamanian schools grade on a scale of 1 to 5 rather than out of 100."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Panama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Panama"},{"publisher":"Universidad de Panamá","title":"Facultad de Derecho: Estatuto Universitario, articles 288 to 310","url":"https://facderecho.up.ac.pa/sites/facderecho/files/2023-03/Derecho.pdf"}]},{"slug":"paraguay","name":"Paraguay","adjective":"Paraguayan","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools and universities across Paraguay","note":"A 2 usually needs at least 60% of the marks; some schools and faculties set a higher share.","kind":"choice","pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"muy bueno","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"bueno","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"aceptable","meaning":"acceptable","pass":true},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"insuficiente","meaning":"insufficient (fail)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Course grades are whole numbers from 1 to 5, and final averages are written with two decimals.","Each grade stands for a band of percentage marks set by the institution; at the National University of Asunción's agronomy faculty, for example, 60–70% earns a 2 and 91–100% a 5.","The words attached to each number vary between institutions, but 1 is always the only failing grade."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Sistema educativo de Paraguay: Calificación","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_educativo_de_Paraguay#Calificación"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificación escolar: Paraguay","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaci%C3%B3n_escolar#Paraguay"},{"publisher":"Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias","title":"De la evaluación (art. 35)","url":"https://www.agr.una.py/descargas/reglamentos/DE_LA_EVALUACION.pdf"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Paraguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Paraguay"}]},{"slug":"peru","name":"Peru","adjective":"Peruvian","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate and graduate courses at most Peruvian universities","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"11","bands":[{"grade":"18–20","from":18,"to":20,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"15–17.99","from":15,"to":17.99,"native":"muy bueno","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"11–14.99","from":11,"to":14.99,"native":"aprobado","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10.99","from":0,"to":10.99,"native":"desaprobado","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"university","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Peru"},"rows":[{"grade":"18.00–20.00","from":18,"to":20,"us":"A"},{"grade":"15.00–17.99","from":15,"to":17.99,"us":"B"},{"grade":"11.00–14.99","from":11,"to":14.99,"us":"C"},{"grade":"00.00–10.99","from":0,"to":10.99,"us":"D"}]},"facts":["Course grades are usually whole numbers, and many institutions round averages, so a 10.5 often counts as a passing 11.","A few colleges set the pass mark at 10 instead of 11.","Some schools and colleges reserve 00 for an exam not taken or for serious misconduct such as plagiarism.","State schools now report learning with the achievement levels AD, A, B and C instead of marks out of 20."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Peru"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificación escolar: Perú","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaci%C3%B3n_escolar#Perú"}]},{"slug":"philippines","name":"Philippines","prose":"the Philippines","adjective":"Philippine","region":"Asia","title":"Philippine Grading System: College 1.00–5.00 Scale & DepEd K–12 Grades","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Most Philippine colleges and universities; the percentages shown are those of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines","note":"Each university sets its own percentage for each grade point, so read the legend on the back of the transcript.","kind":"choice","pass":"3.00","bands":[{"grade":"1.00","pct":"97–100%","meaning":"excellent","pass":true,"value":1},{"grade":"1.25","pct":"94–96%","meaning":"excellent","pass":true,"value":1.25},{"grade":"1.50","pct":"91–93%","meaning":"very good","pass":true,"value":1.5},{"grade":"1.75","pct":"88–90%","meaning":"very good","pass":true,"value":1.75},{"grade":"2.00","pct":"85–87%","meaning":"good","pass":true,"value":2},{"grade":"2.25","pct":"82–84%","meaning":"good","pass":true,"value":2.25},{"grade":"2.50","pct":"79–81%","meaning":"fair","pass":true,"value":2.5},{"grade":"2.75","pct":"76–78%","meaning":"fair","pass":true,"value":2.75},{"grade":"3.00","pct":"75%","meaning":"pass","pass":true,"value":3},{"grade":"5.00","pct":"below 75%","meaning":"fail","pass":false,"value":5}],"best":"low"},{"id":"deped","name":"School grades (K to 12)","level":"secondary","scope":"Report cards in schools that follow the Department of Education (DepEd) K to 12 program, Grades 2 to 12 in school year 2026–27 (Kindergarten and Grade 1 get descriptive grades)","note":"The lowest grade a report card can show is 60. In 2026–27 a raw grade of 70 is transmuted to 75, the passing grade; from 2027–28 Grades 4 to 12 are graded without transmutation, and 75 stays the lowest pass.","kind":"number","min":60,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"75","bands":[{"grade":"90–100","from":90,"to":100,"meaning":"advancing: meets or exceeds the standards with independence","pass":true},{"grade":"80–89","from":80,"to":89,"meaning":"benchmarking: shows the expected grade-level skills","pass":true},{"grade":"75–79","from":75,"to":79,"meaning":"connecting: enough to pass, with occasional guidance","pass":true},{"grade":"65–74","from":65,"to":74,"meaning":"developing: partial understanding; needs targeted support","pass":false},{"grade":"Below 65","from":60,"to":64,"meaning":"emerging: not yet showing the foundational skills; needs intensive support","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Each university sets the percentage behind each grade point, so a 2.00 stands for 85–87% at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines and 86–88% at the University of the East.","Some universities, among them De La Salle University, Ateneo de Manila and Far Eastern University, use a 4.00 scale instead, where 4.00 is the best grade and 0.00 a fail.","The GWA (general weighted average) is the average of all grade points weighted by each course's units, and Latin honours depend on it: at the University of Santo Tomas, a GWA from 1.00 to 1.20 earns summa cum laude.","A 4.00 is a conditional grade at universities that use it, such as the University of the Philippines, and INC marks an incomplete course.","From 2026–27, DepEd learners in Grades 4 to 12 with a general average of 90 or higher and no final grade below 80 receive the Academic Excellence Award; the old With Honors, With High Honors and With Highest Honors levels (DO 36, s. 2016) were repealed."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in the Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_Philippines"},{"publisher":"Department of Education","title":"DO 015, s. 2026: Revised Guidelines on Classroom Assessment, Grading System, and Awards and Recognition for the K to 12 Basic Education Program","url":"https://www.deped.gov.ph/2026/06/04/june-4-2026-do-015-s-2026-revised-guidelines-on-classroom-assessment-grading-system-and-awards-and-recognition-for-the-k-to-12-basic-education-program/"}]},{"slug":"poland","name":"Poland","adjective":"Polish","region":"Europe","title":"Polish Grading System: University 2.0–5.0 and School 1–6 Scales","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Polish universities","note":"Each university sets its scale in its study regulations; most use these six grades.","kind":"choice","pass":"3.0","bands":[{"grade":"5.0","value":5,"native":"bardzo dobry","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"4.5","value":4.5,"native":"dobry plus","meaning":"good plus","pass":true},{"grade":"4.0","value":4,"native":"dobry","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3.5","value":3.5,"native":"dostateczny plus","meaning":"satisfactory plus","pass":true},{"grade":"3.0","value":3,"native":"dostateczny","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"2.0","value":2,"native":"niedostateczny","meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary schools from year 4 and secondary schools","note":"Teachers add + and − to marks during the year, but end-of-year grades are whole numbers.","kind":"choice","pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"6","value":6,"native":"celujący","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"bardzo dobry","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"dobry","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"dostateczny","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"dopuszczający","meaning":"acceptable","pass":true},{"grade":"1","value":1,"native":"niedostateczny","meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At university, the share of marks needed for each grade differs between institutions and courses, but the lowest pass (3.0) usually needs 50% or 51%.","Courses that only require attendance, such as physical education, are marked zal. (zaliczony, passed) or nzal. (niezaliczony, not passed) instead of a grade.","A school 6 (celujący) is rare: as a final grade it usually rewards achievement beyond the syllabus.","A school certificate with distinction (świadectwo z wyróżnieniem), printed with a red-and-white stripe, needs an average of at least 4.75 in compulsory subjects and at least a very good mark for behaviour.","The matura school-leaving exam is reported in percentages, and passing it needs at least 30% in each compulsory subject."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Poland"},{"publisher":"Polish Wikipedia","title":"Szkolna skala ocen","url":"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szkolna_skala_ocen"},{"publisher":"Polish Wikipedia","title":"Świadectwo szkolne","url":"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiadectwo_szkolne"},{"publisher":"Polish Wikipedia","title":"Egzamin maturalny","url":"https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzamin_maturalny"}]},{"slug":"portugal","name":"Portugal","adjective":"Portuguese","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"University and secondary school grades","level":"both","scope":"Higher education and upper secondary school (years 10 to 12)","note":"The words are the qualitative grades a university may print next to a final degree mark.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"18–20","from":18,"to":20,"native":"excelente","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"16–17","from":16,"to":17,"native":"muito bom","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–15","from":14,"to":15,"native":"bom","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–13","from":10,"to":13,"native":"suficiente","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"0–9","from":0,"to":9,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"basic","name":"Basic school grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Basic education up to year 9","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"meaning":"very good or excellent","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"meaning":"good","pct":"70–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"50–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"meaning":"unsatisfactory","pct":"20–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"meaning":"poor","pct":"0–19%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A course unit is passed with 10 or more, and a result of 9.5 is rounded up to 10.","The final mark of a degree is a whole number from 10 to 20, and the university may add the qualitative grade (suficiente, bom, muito bom or excelente) to the diploma.","Final degree marks of 18 to 20 are very rare: at many universities the best graduates finish with 16 or 17."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Portugal"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Portugal"},{"publisher":"Direção-Geral do Ensino Superior (DGES)","title":"Escala de Classificação Portuguesa","url":"https://www.dges.gov.pt/en/node/2721?plid=374"}]},{"slug":"qatar","name":"Qatar","adjective":"Qatari","region":"Middle East","lede":"In Qatar, grades at Qatar University run from A (90–100%, best) to F (below 60%), and D (60 to under 65%) is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at Qatar University","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":4,"native":"ممتاز","meaning":"excellent","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.5,"native":"جيد جدا مرتفع","meaning":"very good (high)","pct":"85 to under 90%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"native":"جيد جدا","meaning":"very good","pct":"80 to under 85%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"native":"جيد مرتفع","meaning":"good (high)","pct":"75 to under 80%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"native":"جيد","meaning":"good","pct":"70 to under 75%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.5,"native":"مقبول مرتفع","meaning":"pass (high)","pct":"65 to under 70%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"native":"مقبول","meaning":"pass","pct":"60 to under 65%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"native":"راسب","meaning":"fail","pct":"below 60%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Qatar University multiplies each course's grade points by its credit hours, and the cumulative GPA divides the total by all hours earned at the university.","In graduate courses the lowest pass is C (70 to under 75%), and anything below 70% fails.","Pass and no-pass courses are marked P or NP and carry no grade points.","FB is a fail for missing more than 25% of classes, and FA a fail for missing the final exam without an accepted excuse."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Qatar University","title":"Grade Symbols","url":"https://www.qu.edu.qa/sites/en_US/students/registration/student-records/grade-symbols"},{"publisher":"Qatar University","title":"رموز التقديرات (Grade Symbols, Arabic)","url":"https://www.qu.edu.qa/sites/ar_QA/students/registration/student-records/grade-symbols"}]},{"slug":"romania","name":"Romania","adjective":"Romanian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Lower and upper secondary schools, national exams and universities","note":"The grades have no official names; the meanings are the usual descriptions.","kind":"choice","pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"10","value":10,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","value":9,"meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"meaning":"satisfactory (some weaknesses)","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"meaning":"satisfactory (significant weaknesses)","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"meaning":"insufficient","pass":false},{"grade":"3","value":3,"meaning":"poor","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"meaning":"very poor","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"lowest grade, also given for cheating","pass":false}]},{"id":"primary","name":"Primary school grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary schools (up to year 4)","kind":"choice","pass":"S","bands":[{"grade":"FB","native":"Foarte bine","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","native":"Bine","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"S","native":"Suficient","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"I","native":"Insuficient","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The Bacalaureat school-leaving exam is passed with at least 5 in every exam and an overall average of at least 6.","Exam results and averages are written with two decimals, such as 8.60, while the class register holds whole grades.","At school each subject closes one average a year: the mean of the year’s grades rounded to the nearest whole number, with a half rounded up in the pupil’s favour (9.50 becomes 10).","A 10 is not unusual, a 9 is already seen as an excellent grade, and the typical grade is between 7 and 8.","The primary ratings match the 10-point scale: Foarte bine stands for 9 or 10, Bine for 7 or 8, Suficient for 5 or 6, and Insuficient for 4 or less."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Romania"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Romania"},{"publisher":"Romanian Wikipedia","title":"Bacalaureatul românesc","url":"https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacalaureatul_rom%C3%A2nesc"},{"publisher":"Romanian Ministry of Education","title":"ROFUIP 2024 (OME 5726/2024), article 109","url":"https://isj.vs.edu.ro/download/ROFUIP-2024-12-08-MO-P1-OME-5726.pdf"}]},{"slug":"russia","name":"Russia","adjective":"Russian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"main","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools, colleges and universities","kind":"choice","pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"отлично","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"хорошо","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"удовлетворительно","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"неудовлетворительно","meaning":"unsatisfactory","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"very poor, rarely given","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A 2 is the usual failing grade; a 1 exists but is rarely given, often for not turning up or not answering at all.","Teachers sometimes add + or − (a 4+ sits between a 4 and a 5−), but this is rare at university.","Many university courses are marked only зачёт (pass) or незачёт (no pass), with no number, and every course must be passed to graduate.","Russian degrees have no overall class; a student with mostly 5s receives a diploma with distinction in a red cover.","The Unified State Exam (ЕГЭ) at the end of school uses its own points: raw task points are converted into a test score instead of a 5-to-1 grade."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Russia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Russia"}]},{"slug":"saudi-arabia","name":"Saudi Arabia","adjective":"Saudi","region":"Middle East","title":"Saudi Grading System: Grades A+ to F, 5-Point & 4-Point GPA","lede":"In Saudi Arabia, university grades run from A+ (95–100%, best) to F (below 60%), and D (60 to under 65%) is the lowest pass; many public universities count them on a 5-point GPA, others on a 4-point GPA.","systems":[{"id":"five","name":"Grades on the 5-point GPA scale","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's courses at Saudi universities that report the GPA out of 5, such as King Saud University","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":5,"native":"ممتاز مرتفع","meaning":"excellent (high)","pct":"95–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4.75,"native":"ممتاز","meaning":"excellent","pct":"90 to under 95%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":4.5,"native":"جيد جداً مرتفع","meaning":"very good (high)","pct":"85 to under 90%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":4,"native":"جيد جداً","meaning":"very good","pct":"80 to under 85%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":3.5,"native":"جيد مرتفع","meaning":"good (high)","pct":"75 to under 80%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":3,"native":"جيد","meaning":"good","pct":"70 to under 75%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":2.5,"native":"مقبول مرتفع","meaning":"pass (high)","pct":"65 to under 70%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":2,"native":"مقبول","meaning":"pass","pct":"60 to under 65%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":1,"native":"راسب","meaning":"fail","pct":"below 60%","pass":false}]},{"id":"four","name":"Grades on the 4-point GPA scale","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's courses at Saudi universities that report the GPA out of 4","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4,"native":"ممتاز مرتفع","meaning":"excellent (high)","pct":"95–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":3.75,"native":"ممتاز","meaning":"excellent","pct":"90 to under 95%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.5,"native":"جيد جداً مرتفع","meaning":"very good (high)","pct":"85 to under 90%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"native":"جيد جداً","meaning":"very good","pct":"80 to under 85%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"native":"جيد مرتفع","meaning":"good (high)","pct":"75 to under 80%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"native":"جيد","meaning":"good","pct":"70 to under 75%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.5,"native":"مقبول مرتفع","meaning":"pass (high)","pct":"65 to under 70%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"native":"مقبول","meaning":"pass","pct":"60 to under 65%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"native":"راسب","meaning":"fail","pct":"below 60%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["King Saud University, King Abdulaziz University, Imam University and several other public universities count grades on a 5-point GPA; other universities use the same letters and percentages on a 4-point GPA.","On the 5-point scale an F still counts as 1.00 point, while on the 4-point scale it counts as zero.","The overall rating of a degree follows the cumulative GPA out of 5: excellent from 4.50, very good from 3.75, good from 2.75 and acceptable from 2.00.","First-class honours need a cumulative GPA of 4.75 to 5.00 (3.75 to 4.00 out of 4) and second-class honours 4.25 to under 4.75 (3.25 to under 3.75), with no failed course and graduation within the set time.","At King Saud University, missing 25% or more of a course's classes bars the student from the final exam and the course is failed."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Saudi Arabia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Saudi_Arabia"},{"publisher":"King Saud University","title":"Regulations of Study and Examinations of Undergraduate Stage and their Executive Rules","url":"https://engineering.ksu.edu.sa/sites/engineering.ksu.edu.sa/files/imce_images/regulations_of_study_and_examinations_of_ksu.pdf"},{"publisher":"King Saud University","title":"معلومات تهم الطالبات (grade table in Arabic)","url":"https://chss.ksu.edu.sa/en/node/660"},{"publisher":"King Saud University","title":"College of Science student guide","url":"https://sciences.ksu.edu.sa/sites/sciences.ksu.edu.sa/files/attach/student_guid.pdf"}]},{"slug":"senegal","name":"Senegal","adjective":"Senegalese","region":"Africa","title":"Senegalese Grading System: 0 to 20 Scale, Pass Mark & Average","lede":"In Senegal, university course units and the baccalauréat are marked out of 20, and 10 is the pass mark. Baccalauréat candidates with an average from 8 to just under 10 sit a second group of tests.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Course units and the licence (bachelor’s degree) at universities and higher-education institutions under Senegal’s LMD system","note":"A course unit passes at 10 out of 20; the honours (mentions) are set by Decree 2012-1114 on the average over all the course units of the licence.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"16–20","from":16,"to":20,"native":"très bien","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"native":"bien","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"12–14","from":12,"to":14,"native":"assez bien","meaning":"fairly good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"native":"passable","meaning":"pass, no honours","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"baccalaureat","name":"Baccalauréat results","level":"secondary","scope":"The baccalauréat at the end of secondary school, organised by the Office du Baccalauréat at Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar","note":"The result comes from the average over the first group of tests; candidates between 8 and 10 choose three subjects (two main and one other) for the second group.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"10–20","from":10,"to":20,"native":"définitivement admis","meaning":"passed outright","pass":true},{"grade":"8–10","from":8,"to":10,"native":"second groupe","meaning":"allowed to sit the second group of tests","pass":false},{"grade":"0–8","from":0,"to":8,"meaning":"not admitted","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The licence takes six semesters, and each validated semester earns 30 credits, so the degree is awarded with 180 credits.","A semester also passes by compensation when the average of its course units, weighted by their coefficients (from 1 to 5), reaches 10 out of 20, whatever the mark in each unit.","A student who retakes a course unit in a semester not yet validated keeps the last mark, even if it is lower than the earlier one.","In the baccalauréat, points above 10 in the optional tests count towards an honour above passable in the first group, or towards final admission for a candidate in the second group.","Of the 77,388 candidates who passed the 2025 baccalauréat, 43.61% passed in the first round and 56.39% in the second; 10.44% earned an honour, and only 139 earned très bien."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (Senegal)","title":"Décret 2012-1114 relatif au diplôme de licence","url":"https://mesrisenegal.sn/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Decret-2012-1114-relatif-au-diplome-de-licence.pdf"},{"publisher":"Centre national de l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle (CNOSP)","title":"Etudes après le Bac","url":"https://www.cnosp.gouv.sn/content/etudes-apr%c3%a8s-le-bac"},{"publisher":"Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (Senegal)","title":"Résultats du baccalauréat 2025","url":"https://mesrisenegal.sn/uploads/files/2026/09/resultats-du-bac-2025-471f6b44.pdf"}]},{"slug":"serbia","name":"Serbia","adjective":"Serbian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Serbian universities","kind":"number","min":5,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"6","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"native":"одличан – изузетан (odličan – izuzetan)","meaning":"excellent, outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"9","from":9,"to":9,"native":"одличан (odličan)","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"8","from":8,"to":8,"native":"врло добар (vrlo dobar)","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"native":"добар (dobar)","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"native":"довољан (dovoljan)","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools in Serbia","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"одличан (odličan)","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"врло добар (vrlo dobar)","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"добар (dobar)","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"довољан (dovoljan)","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"недовољан (nedovoljan)","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["University averages are calculated to two decimal places, for example 9.54.","Most faculties give a 6 for 51 to 60 points out of 100, rising by one grade for every further 10 points to a 10 for 91 to 100; some science and engineering faculties set higher cut-offs.","Top grades are rare: a 10 implies near-perfect work, so an overall 8 counts as a very good result, especially in science and engineering.","In schools, a final average of 4.50 or more gives an overall 5 (excellent), 3.50 to 4.49 a 4, 2.50 to 3.49 a 3 and 1.50 to 2.49 a 2, provided every subject is passed."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Serbia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Serbia"}]},{"slug":"singapore","name":"Singapore","adjective":"Singapore","region":"Asia","title":"Singapore Grading System: University GPA, A-Level & O-Level Grades","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"NUS, NTU, SIT and SUSS, on the 5-point scale","note":"SUTD gives 5.3 for A+ on the same scale, while SMU uses a separate 4.3 scale.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":5,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":5,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":4.5,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":4,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3.5,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.5,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"alevel","name":"A-level grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Singapore-Cambridge GCE A-level, taken at the end of junior college","note":"H3 subjects are graded Distinction, Merit or Pass instead.","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","meaning":"highest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"S","meaning":"sub-pass","pass":false},{"grade":"U","meaning":"ungraded","pass":false}]},{"id":"olevel","name":"O-level grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Singapore-Cambridge GCE O-level, taken at the end of secondary school","kind":"choice","pass":"C6","bands":[{"grade":"A1","pct":"75–100%","meaning":"highest grade","pass":true},{"grade":"A2","pct":"70–74%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"B3","pct":"65–69%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"B4","pct":"60–64%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"C5","pct":"55–59%","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"C6","pct":"50–54%","meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"D7","pct":"45–49%","meaning":"below C6","pass":false},{"grade":"E8","pct":"40–44%","meaning":"below C6","pass":false},{"grade":"F9","pct":"0–39%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Degree classes follow the cumulative GPA: at NUS and NTU, 4.50 or more earns the top honours class, and below 2.00 a student does not graduate.","Singapore Management University grades on a 4.3 scale (A+ 4.3 down to D 1.0), so its GPAs are not comparable with those of NUS and NTU.","Universities place a student on probation or end their studies when the cumulative GPA stays below 2.00 (2.50 in some courses) for consecutive semesters.","For university admission, A-level grades become rank points: an A in an H2 subject is worth 20 and an E is worth 10, with H1 subjects worth half.","From 2027, the Singapore-Cambridge Secondary Education Certificate (SEC) replaces the O-level and N-level exams."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Singapore"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Singapore"}]},{"slug":"slovakia","name":"Slovakia","adjective":"Slovak","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools","note":"An outstanding 1 is sometimes marked 1* (jednotka s hviezdičkou, a one with a star).","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"low","step":1,"pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"výborný","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"chválitebný","meaning":"commendable","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"dobrý","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"dostatočný","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"nedostatočný","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]},{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Slovak universities","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","native":"výborne","meaning":"excellent","pass":true,"value":1},{"grade":"B","native":"veľmi dobre","meaning":"very good","pass":true,"value":1.5},{"grade":"C","native":"dobre","meaning":"good","pass":true,"value":2},{"grade":"D","native":"uspokojivo","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true,"value":2.5},{"grade":"E","native":"dostatočne","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true,"value":3},{"grade":"FX","native":"nedostatočne","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false,"value":4}],"best":"low","note":"Averages count A as 1, B as 1.5, C as 2, D as 2.5, E as 3 and FX as 4, so a lower average is better."}],"us":{"system":"school","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Slovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Slovakia"},"rows":[{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"us":"A"},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"us":"B"},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"us":"C"},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"us":"D"},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"us":"F"}]},"facts":["Slovak schools use the same five grades as Czech schools, with 1 the best and 5 the only fail.","Every Slovak university uses the letters A to FX, but each sets its own percentage limits: the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology of the Slovak University of Technology, for example, asks 92% for an A and 56% for an E.","Averages run the opposite way to a US GPA: the lower the average, the better."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Slovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Slovakia"},{"publisher":"Czech Wikipedia","title":"Vysvědčení","url":"https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vysv%C4%9Bd%C4%8Den%C3%AD"},{"publisher":"Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology","title":"Klasifikačná stupnica a zápis hodnotenia predmetu","url":"https://www.mtf.stuba.sk/sk/studentov/najcastejsie-otazky-studenta-frequently-asked-questions-faq/klasifikacna-stupnica-a-zapis-hodnotenia-predmetu.html?page_id=17368"}]},{"slug":"slovenia","name":"Slovenia","adjective":"Slovenian","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses at Slovenian universities","kind":"number","min":1,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"6","bands":[{"grade":"10","from":10,"to":10,"native":"odlično","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"9","from":9,"to":9,"native":"prav dobro","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"8","from":8,"to":8,"native":"prav dobro","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"7","from":7,"to":7,"native":"dobro","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"native":"zadostno","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1–5","from":1,"to":5,"native":"nezadostno","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools in Slovenia","kind":"number","min":1,"max":5,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"2","bands":[{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"odlično","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":4,"to":4,"native":"prav dobro","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":3,"to":3,"native":"dobro","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":2,"to":2,"native":"zadostno","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":1,"to":1,"native":"nezadostno","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At university, 10 means exceptional results with no or negligible faults, while 6 means knowledge that only meets the minimum criteria.","Every university grade from 1 to 5 is a fail, so a transcript's lowest passing grade is 6.","School teachers often add plus and minus signs or half grades such as 4/5, but these are unofficial and do not appear on final reports."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Slovenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Slovenia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Slovenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Slovenia"}]},{"slug":"south-africa","name":"South Africa","adjective":"South African","region":"Africa","title":"South African Grading System: NSC Levels 1 to 7 & University Marks","lede":"In South Africa, school subjects are marked in percentages and reported on seven achievement levels, from level 7 (80–100%, outstanding) to level 1 (0–29%, not achieved), and level 2 (30%) is the lowest pass in a subject; at universities such as UCT, 50% is the pass mark and 75% a first.","systems":[{"id":"nsc","name":"NSC achievement levels","level":"secondary","scope":"School subjects in Grades 10 to 12 and the National Senior Certificate (matric) examinations","label":"Levels 1 to 7 (0 to 100%)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"30%","bands":[{"grade":"7","from":80,"to":100,"meaning":"outstanding achievement","pct":"80–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":70,"to":79,"meaning":"meritorious achievement","pct":"70–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":60,"to":69,"meaning":"substantial achievement","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"4","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"adequate achievement","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"3","from":40,"to":49,"meaning":"moderate achievement","pct":"40–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"2","from":30,"to":39,"meaning":"elementary achievement","pct":"30–39%","pass":true},{"grade":"1","from":0,"to":29,"meaning":"not achieved","pct":"0–29%","pass":false}]},{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Course results and degree classes at the University of Cape Town; most South African universities follow a similar percentage model","label":"0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50%","bands":[{"grade":"First","from":75,"to":100,"meaning":"first class","pct":"75–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"Second (div. 1)","from":70,"to":74,"meaning":"second class, division one","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"Second (div. 2)","from":60,"to":69,"meaning":"second class, division two","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"Third","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"third class","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":49,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–49%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["In Grade 12 the external NSC examination counts for 75% of a subject's final mark.","The lowest NSC pass, the higher certificate pass, needs at least 40% in the home language and in two other subjects and at least 30% in three more.","Entry to a bachelor's degree needs level 4 (50%) or better in four 20-credit subjects and at least 30% in the university's language of teaching.","Learners whose home language is an African language, and who took neither English nor Afrikaans as home language, used to receive a 5% language compensation on their marks in non-language subjects; Umalusi cut it to 4% in 2014 and announced a further point less each year until it was phased out.","The University of the Witwatersrand also counts 75% and above as an A, the same line as a first at UCT."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Department of Basic Education","title":"National Protocol for Assessment Grades R–12","url":"https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/Documents/Policies/NatProtAssess.pdf"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_South_Africa"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Matriculation in South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriculation_in_South_Africa"},{"publisher":"South African Government","title":"Umalusi on approval for release of the 2014 National Senior Certificate results","url":"https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/umalusi-announcement-approval-release-national-senior-certificate-examination"},{"publisher":"University of Cape Town","title":"General Rules and Policies (Handbook 3)","url":"https://www.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/media/documents/uct_ac_za/49/2026-handbook-3.pdf"}]},{"slug":"south-korea","name":"South Korea","adjective":"South Korean","region":"Asia","title":"South Korean Grading System: 4.5 and 4.3 GPA Scales, Pass Mark & Average","systems":[{"id":"scale45","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Most South Korean universities, on the 4.5 scale","note":"A0 (read ‘A zero’) is a plain A, and the same goes for B0, C0 and D0.","kind":"choice","pass":"D0","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.5,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A0","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.5,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B0","value":3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"C0","value":2,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.5,"meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"D0","value":1,"meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"scale43","name":"University grades on the 4.3 scale","level":"university","scope":"Universities that use the 4.3 scale, such as Seoul National University","kind":"choice","pass":"D−","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.3,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A0","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B0","value":3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"C0","value":2,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.7,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.3,"meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"D0","value":1,"meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"D−","value":0.7,"meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The 4.5 scale is the most common, but some universities top out at 4.3 or 4.0, so a Korean GPA is always given with its maximum, as in 3.8/4.5.","Some universities count A+ and A0 the same.","Courses graded S (satisfactory) give credit without a letter grade, P (pass) marks a course taken without credit, and neither counts in the GPA.","High schools have ranked students in each subject on a curve, from rank 1 (the top 4%) to rank 9; students who entered high school from 2025 are ranked in five bands instead."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in South Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_South_Korea"},{"publisher":"Korean government, korea.kr","title":"올해 중2부터 선택과목 없는 ‘통합형 수능’…내신 5등급 체제로","url":"https://www.korea.kr/news/policyNewsView.do?newsId=148924193"},{"publisher":"Seoul National University","title":"성적등급 및 평점환산기준표","url":"https://snu.ac.kr/academics/resources/certificate/grading"}]},{"slug":"spain","name":"Spain","adjective":"Spanish","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Subjects in bachelor's and master's degrees at Spanish universities","note":"Matrícula de honor (MH) is a distinction a university may add to a grade of 9.0 or more.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"5.0","bands":[{"grade":"9.0–10","from":9,"to":10,"native":"sobresaliente (SB)","meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"7.0–8.9","from":7,"to":8.9,"native":"notable (NT)","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"5.0–6.9","from":5,"to":6.9,"native":"aprobado (AP)","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–4.9","from":0,"to":4.9,"native":"suspenso (SS)","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Compulsory secondary school (ESO) and Bachillerato","note":"Bachillerato grades are whole numbers from 0 to 10. In ESO the official assessment records use the words insuficiente, suficiente, bien, notable and sobresaliente, and some regions add the number.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"5","bands":[{"grade":"9–10","from":9,"to":10,"native":"sobresaliente (SB)","meaning":"outstanding","pass":true},{"grade":"7–8","from":7,"to":8,"native":"notable (NT)","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"6","from":6,"to":6,"native":"bien (BI)","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"5","from":5,"to":5,"native":"suficiente (SU)","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"0–4","from":0,"to":4,"native":"insuficiente (IN)","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Matrícula de honor can go only to students with 9.0 or more, and to no more than 5% of those enrolled in a subject, or a single student when fewer than 20 are enrolled.","A university average is weighted by credits: each grade is multiplied by its credits, and the sum is divided by the total credits earned.","University grades are written with one decimal, and the word (aprobado, notable, sobresaliente) may be printed next to the number.","Some transcripts also give an average on a 1 to 4 scale, where aprobado counts 1, notable 2, sobresaliente 3 and matrícula de honor 4.","Grades measure how much of the course content a student has mastered rather than rank in the class, so low pass rates are not unusual, especially in science and engineering."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Spain"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Spain"},{"publisher":"Boletín Oficial del Estado","title":"Real Decreto 1125/2003, article 5: grading system","url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-17643"},{"publisher":"Boletín Oficial del Estado","title":"Real Decreto 217/2022, article 31: ESO assessment records","url":"https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-4975#a3-3"}]},{"slug":"sri-lanka","name":"Sri Lanka","adjective":"Sri Lankan","region":"Asia","title":"Sri Lankan Grading System: University GPA, Degree Classes & O/L Grades","lede":"Sri Lankan universities grade courses from A+ to E, worth 4.00 to 0.00 grade points; at the University of Colombo’s Faculty of Science, C (40–44 marks) is the lowest grade that counts towards the degree, and a GPA of 3.70 or more earns a first class. G.C.E. O/L subjects are graded A (75–100), B, C, S (35–49, the lowest pass) and W (fail).","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at the University of Colombo’s Faculty of Science","note":"Each grade carries the grade points shown, and the GPA is their average weighted by credits. Grades below C still count in the GPA, but a degree needs C or better in a set number of credits.","kind":"choice","pass":"C","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4,"meaning":"superior","pct":"85–100","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"superior","pct":"70–84","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"meaning":"superior","pct":"65–69","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"meaning":"meritorious","pct":"60–64","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"meritorious","pct":"55–59","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"meaning":"meritorious","pct":"50–54","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"meaning":"adequate","pct":"45–49","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"adequate","pct":"40–44","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.7,"meaning":"adequate, but below C","pct":"35–39","pass":false},{"grade":"D+","value":1.3,"meaning":"minimal","pct":"30–34","pass":false},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"minimal","pct":"25–29","pass":false},{"grade":"E","value":0,"meaning":"failure","pct":"0–24","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Three-year BSc degrees at the University of Colombo’s Faculty of Science, classed by the final GPA; the University of Peradeniya uses the same cut-offs","note":"A class also needs C or better in at least 80 credits (first class) or 75 credits (second class), with the degree completed in three consecutive academic years.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":4,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"2.00","bands":[{"grade":"First class","from":3.7,"to":4,"meaning":"first class","pass":true},{"grade":"Second upper","from":3.3,"to":3.69,"meaning":"second class (upper division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Second lower","from":3,"to":3.29,"meaning":"second class (lower division)","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":2,"to":2.99,"meaning":"pass degree","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 2.00","from":0,"to":1.99,"meaning":"below the minimum GPA for the degree","pass":false}]},{"id":"ol","name":"G.C.E. O/L grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level, set by the Department of Examinations at the end of Grade 11","kind":"choice","pass":"S","bands":[{"grade":"A","meaning":"distinction","pct":"75–100","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"very good pass","pct":"65–74","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"credit pass","pct":"50–64","pass":true},{"grade":"S","meaning":"ordinary pass","pct":"35–49","pass":true},{"grade":"W","meaning":"weak (fail)","pct":"0–34","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At the University of Peradeniya, which uses the same grade points under University Grants Commission Circular 901, C is the minimum grade to pass a course, and an A+ is given only to outliers in the distribution of marks.","University of Colombo transcripts list each course’s grade and credits but not the marks behind them.","To qualify for the G.C.E. A/L, a candidate must pass six or more O/L subjects, including the first language and mathematics, with at least three credit passes.","Older O/L certificates use a former scale: D (75 and above), C (50–74), S (35–49) and F (34 and below), so a D there is the top grade, not a weak one."],"sources":[{"publisher":"University of Colombo, Faculty of Science","title":"Evaluation Procedure","url":"https://science.cmb.ac.lk/evaluation-procedure/"},{"publisher":"University of Colombo, Faculty of Science","title":"Undergraduate Handbook","url":"https://science.cmb.ac.lk/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Handbook-2025_2026-1.pdf"},{"publisher":"University of Peradeniya","title":"Online Undergraduate Examination Manual: Assessment and Grading Procedure","url":"https://sites.google.com/gs.pdn.ac.lk/cqa/about/undergraduate-examination-manual/introduction-to-the-examination-process/preparation-for-examination-phase-i/assessment-and-grading-procedure"},{"publisher":"Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka","title":"G.C.E. (O/L) Examination: Paper Structure and Model Questions (Tamil medium)","url":"https://www.doenets.lk/documents/statistics/Compulsory%20Subjects%20Tamil%20Medium.pdf"},{"publisher":"Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka","title":"Performance of Candidates: G.C.E. (O/L) Examination","url":"https://doenets.lk/images/resources/STAT/Performance%20of%20candidates%20%E2%80%93%202025%20OL%20_1782390949227.pdf"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"GCE Ordinary Level in Sri Lanka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCE_Ordinary_Level_in_Sri_Lanka"}]},{"slug":"sweden","name":"Sweden","adjective":"Swedish","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Compulsory school from year 6 and upper secondary school (gymnasium)","note":"The points are used to work out the average for admission to the next school or to university.","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":20,"meaning":"exemplary","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":17.5,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":15,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":12.5,"meaning":"adequate","pass":true},{"grade":"E","value":10,"meaning":"acceptable","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"The standard scale for courses at Swedish universities, where a university has not chosen another","kind":"choice","pass":"G","bands":[{"grade":"VG","native":"väl godkänd","meaning":"pass with distinction","pass":true},{"grade":"G","native":"godkänd","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"U","native":"underkänd","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Grading criteria are written for E, C and A; B and D lie between them. Since autumn 2022 teachers set D to A by an overall judgement against the criteria, while an E still needs every criterion for E to be met.","At the end of compulsory school the points of a pupil's 16 best grades are added up into a merit value of at most 320. A pupil who studied a modern language as a language choice (språkval) can add it as a 17th grade, for at most 340.","Many universities, such as KTH and Stockholm University, grade courses A to F, and engineering programmes often use 5, 4 and 3 as passing grades with U as fail.","Before 2011 school grades were MVG, VG, G and IG, which count as 20, 15, 10 and 0 points."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Sweden"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Sweden)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Sweden"},{"publisher":"Skolverket","title":"Nya kurs- och läroplaner, Lgr22","url":"https://www.skolverket.se/styrning-och-ansvar/forandringar-inom-skolomradet/sidor-tidigare-forandringar/nya-kurs--och-laroplaner-lgr22"},{"publisher":"Skolverket, Utbildningsguiden","title":"Vad krävs för att komma in på gymnasiet?","url":"https://utbildningsguiden.skolverket.se/gymnasieskolan/ansokan-behorighet-och-meritvarde/vad-kravs-for-att-komma-in-pa-gymnasiet"}]},{"slug":"switzerland","name":"Switzerland","adjective":"Swiss","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Schools, the Matura, vocational education and most universities in Switzerland","label":"1 to 6","note":"Certificates use whole and half grades only; the words shown are the German ones, and French- and Italian-speaking cantons use their own.","kind":"choice","pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"6","value":6,"native":"sehr gut","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"5.5","value":5.5,"meaning":"between good and very good","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"gut","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"4.5","value":4.5,"meaning":"between sufficient and good","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"genügend","meaning":"sufficient","pass":true},{"grade":"3.5","value":3.5,"meaning":"between insufficient and sufficient","pass":false},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"ungenügend","meaning":"insufficient","pass":false},{"grade":"2.5","value":2.5,"meaning":"between poor and insufficient","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"schwach","meaning":"poor","pass":false},{"grade":"1.5","value":1.5,"meaning":"between very poor and poor","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"very poor","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Unlike Germany and Austria, Switzerland counts upwards: 6 is the best grade, 1 the worst, and anything below 4 is a fail.","Exams often use quarter grades such as 5.25 or decimals such as 5.1, but certificates are rounded to whole or half grades.","Many teachers turn points into a grade with the formula points achieved divided by maximum points, times 5, plus 1.","Averages between 5.5 and 6 are very hard to reach, and an average of 6 is close to impossible.","To move up a year at a Gymnasium, the shortfall of each mark below 4 usually counts double against the marks above 4."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Switzerland"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country (Switzerland)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Switzerland"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (German)","title":"Schulnote: Schweiz","url":"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulnote#Schweiz"}]},{"slug":"syria","name":"Syria","adjective":"Syrian","region":"Middle East","lede":"In Syria, university courses are marked from 100 (best) to 0; in postgraduate studies 60% is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"postgraduate","name":"Postgraduate grades","level":"university","scope":"Master's and doctoral courses and degrees at Syrian public universities","label":"0 to 100%","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"60%","bands":[{"grade":"95–100","from":95,"to":100,"native":"الشرف","meaning":"honours","pass":true},{"grade":"85–94","from":85,"to":94,"native":"امتياز","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"75–84","from":75,"to":84,"native":"جيد جداً","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"65–74","from":65,"to":74,"native":"جيد","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"60–64","from":60,"to":64,"native":"مقبول","meaning":"acceptable","pass":true},{"grade":"0–59","from":0,"to":59,"native":"راسب","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Syrian public universities mark courses out of 100.","In postgraduate studies a course is passed with 60%, and a course with two parts, such as coursework and a written exam, also needs at least 40% in each part.","The same ranks, from honours (95% and above) down to acceptable (60 to under 65%), describe single courses and the overall grade of a postgraduate degree.","Bachelor's courses are also marked out of 100; in applied departments such as heating and air-conditioning engineering at Latakia University the pass mark is 60, with at least 40% in each part."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Syria"},{"publisher":"University of Damascus","title":"Student guide, Faculty of Islamic Law (university regulation, articles 158–159)","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090513024602/http://mailsrv.damasuniv.shern.net/arabic/faculties/shariaa/studentGuide.php"},{"publisher":"Latakia University","title":"Heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration (Mechanical Engineering): study plan and pass rules","url":"https://latakia-univ.edu.sy/ar/FacultyDepartments/Index/1207/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF-(%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83)"}]},{"slug":"tanzania","name":"Tanzania","adjective":"Tanzanian","region":"Africa","title":"Tanzanian Grading System: University GPA, Degree Classes & ACSEE Grades","lede":"In Tanzania, university courses are graded A (70–100%, 5 points) to E (below 35%, 0 points), and C (40–49%) is the lowest pass; a cumulative GPA of 4.4 or more earns a first class bachelor's degree.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's degree courses at Tanzanian universities, under the Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU) standard","note":"Universities grade independently, so an individual university's scale can differ from the TCU standard.","kind":"choice","pass":"C","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":5,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"70–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":4,"meaning":"very good","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"40–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"weak (fail, supplementary examination)","pct":"35–39%","pass":false},{"grade":"E","value":0,"meaning":"poor (fail, course repeated)","pct":"0–34%","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's degrees in Tanzania, classed by cumulative GPA under the TCU standard","kind":"number","min":0,"max":5,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"2.0","bands":[{"grade":"First class","from":4.4,"to":5,"meaning":"first class","pass":true},{"grade":"Upper second","from":3.5,"to":4.3,"meaning":"upper second class","pass":true},{"grade":"Lower second","from":2.7,"to":3.4,"meaning":"lower second class","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":2,"to":2.6,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 2.0","from":0,"to":1.9,"meaning":"below the lowest class","pass":false}]},{"id":"acsee","name":"A-level (ACSEE) grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (Form Six), set by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA)","label":"A to F (0 to 100%)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"S","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":80,"to":100,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"80–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":70,"to":79,"meaning":"very good","pct":"70–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":60,"to":69,"meaning":"good","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"average","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"E","from":40,"to":49,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"40–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"S","from":35,"to":39,"meaning":"subsidiary pass","pct":"35–39%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":34,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–34%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A D in a university course is a fail that can be cleared by a supplementary examination, while an E means repeating the course.","Postgraduate courses set the bar higher: A, B+ and B pass, and a C leads to a supplementary examination.","Certificate and diploma programmes use a separate TCU scale: A for 80–100%, B for 65–79%, C for 50–64%, D for 40–49% and E below 40%."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Tanzania Commission for Universities","title":"Handbook for Standards and Guidelines for University Education in Tanzania","url":"https://tcu.go.tz/sites/default/files/file_uploads/2024-01/No.%2001(a)%20-%20HANDBOOK%20FOR%20STANDARDS%20AND%20GUIDELINES%20FOR%20UNIVERSITY%20EDUCATION%20IN%20TANZANIA%20%20-%203rd%20Edition.pdf"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Tanzania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Tanzania"},{"publisher":"National Examinations Council of Tanzania","title":"Candidates' Item Response Analysis Report on the ACSEE 2023: General Studies","url":"https://www.necta.go.tz/publications/Performance%20Analysis%20Books/Candidates'%20Item%20Response%20Analysis%20(CIRA)%20Reports%20/ACSEE/2023/111_GENERAL_STUDIES.pdf"}]},{"slug":"thailand","name":"Thailand","adjective":"Thai","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's degree courses at most Thai universities","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":4,"pct":"80–100%","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.5,"pct":"75–79%","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"pct":"70–74%","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.5,"pct":"65–69%","meaning":"fair","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"pct":"60–64%","meaning":"fair","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.5,"pct":"55–59%","meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"pct":"50–54%","meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"pct":"0–49%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Primary and secondary schools under the national basic education curriculum","kind":"choice","pass":"1","bands":[{"grade":"4","value":4,"pct":"80–100%","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"3.5","value":3.5,"pct":"75–79%","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"pct":"70–74%","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"2.5","value":2.5,"pct":"65–69%","meaning":"fairly good","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"pct":"60–64%","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"1.5","value":1.5,"pct":"55–59%","meaning":"fair","pass":true},{"grade":"1","value":1,"pct":"50–54%","meaning":"minimum pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0","value":0,"pct":"0–49%","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The same eight steps from 4 down to 0 are used at school and at university, where they are written as letters from A to F.","Some graduate programmes use a finer scale with minus grades, such as A− for 3.67 and B− for 2.67, and D at 1.00 as the lowest pass.","Courses graded S (satisfactory) or U (unsatisfactory) carry no grade points and stay out of the GPA.","A cumulative GPA of at least 2.00 is needed to graduate with a bachelor's degree."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Thailand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Thailand"}]},{"slug":"trinidad-and-tobago","name":"Trinidad and Tobago","adjective":"Trinidad and Tobago","region":"Caribbean","title":"Trinidad and Tobago Grading System: UWI GPA, CSEC & CAPE Grades","lede":"In Trinidad and Tobago, courses at the University of the West Indies are graded A+ (90–100%, 4.3 quality points) to F3, and C (50–54%) is the lowest pass; at school, CXC grades CSEC subjects I (best) to VI, with I to III accepted for university entry, and CAPE units I to VII.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"UWI grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at the University of the West Indies (UWI), including its St. Augustine campus in Trinidad","note":"F1 and F2 are fails that still earn quality points, so a near miss lowers the GPA less than an F3.","label":"A+ to F3 (4.3 to 0 points)","kind":"choice","pass":"C","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":4.3,"meaning":"exceptional","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"outstanding","pct":"80–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"75–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"meaning":"very good","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"meaning":"fair","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"acceptable; lowest pass","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"F1","value":1.7,"meaning":"unsatisfactory: fail","pct":"40–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"F2","value":1.3,"meaning":"weak: fail","pct":"30–39%","pass":false},{"grade":"F3","value":0,"meaning":"poor: fail","pct":"0–29%","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"UWI degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor’s degrees at the University of the West Indies for students entering in 2026/2027 or later, on the weighted GPA","note":"Students who entered before 2026/2027 need 3.60 for a first, with the upper second running from 3.00 to 3.59.","label":"Weighted GPA 0 to 4.3","kind":"number","min":0,"max":4.3,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"2.00","bands":[{"grade":"First","from":3.7,"to":4.3,"meaning":"first class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Upper second","from":3,"to":3.69,"meaning":"upper second class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Lower second","from":2.5,"to":2.99,"meaning":"lower second class honours","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":2,"to":2.49,"meaning":"pass degree","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 2.00","from":0,"to":1.99,"meaning":"below the minimum GPA for a degree","pass":false}]},{"id":"csec","name":"CSEC grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) subjects, set by the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC)","note":"Each result also carries profile grades from A (outstanding) to F (poor), and CXC does not publish the marks behind each grade, which vary by subject.","kind":"choice","pass":"III","bands":[{"grade":"I","meaning":"a thorough grasp of the syllabus","pass":true},{"grade":"II","meaning":"a good grasp of the syllabus","pass":true},{"grade":"III","meaning":"a fairly good grasp; lowest grade accepted for university matriculation","pass":true},{"grade":"IV","meaning":"a moderate grasp; accepted for entry-level jobs, not for matriculation","pass":false},{"grade":"V","meaning":"a limited grasp of the syllabus","pass":false},{"grade":"VI","meaning":"a very limited grasp of the syllabus","pass":false}]},{"id":"cape","name":"CAPE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination (CAPE) units, set by CXC for students with at least five years of secondary school","note":"Each unit also carries module grades from A (excellent) to G (unsatisfactory).","kind":"choice","pass":"V","bands":[{"grade":"I","meaning":"excellent performance","pass":true},{"grade":"II","meaning":"a very good standard","pass":true},{"grade":"III","meaning":"a good standard","pass":true},{"grade":"IV","meaning":"a satisfactory standard","pass":true},{"grade":"V","meaning":"an acceptable level; lowest grade accepted for further study","pass":true},{"grade":"VI","meaning":"weak performance","pass":false},{"grade":"VII","meaning":"unsatisfactory performance","pass":false}]}],"facts":["UWI raised the GPA needed for first class honours from 3.60 to 3.70 for students starting in 2026/2027 or later, and earlier students keep the 3.60 threshold up to and including 2031/2032.","UWI’s pass mark has been 50% since the 2014/2015 grading policy, which replaced the old 40% pass.","A UWI degree needs a GPA of at least 2.00, and a semester GPA below 2.00 brings a warning; a second one in a row means the student must withdraw.","At St. Augustine, applicants without a Grade I in CSEC English A, a Grade I or II in CAPE Communication Studies or an approved equivalent take an English Language Proficiency Test on entry.","UWI accepts six CAPE units for normal matriculation, and the CAPE Diploma needs at least six units including Caribbean Studies."],"sources":[{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies","title":"Grading Policy: The New Grading Scale","url":"https://www.uwi.edu/gradingpolicy/scale.html"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies, Mona","title":"Faculty of Science and Technology: GPA Scheme","url":"https://www.mona.uwi.edu/fst/gpa-scheme"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies","title":"Grading Policy: Frequently Asked Questions","url":"https://www.uwi.edu/gradingpolicy/faq.html"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies","title":"Grade Point Average Regulations (effective August 2014)","url":"https://www.uwi.edu/gradingpolicy/docs/regulations.pdf"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine","title":"Revised GPA Requirement for First Class Honours (Undergraduate Programmes)","url":"https://sta.uwi.edu/news/notices/notice.asp?id=28186"},{"publisher":"The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine","title":"Admissions Process: Summary (Matriculation Regulations)","url":"https://sta.uwi.edu/admissions/undergrad/summary.asp"},{"publisher":"Caribbean Examinations Council","title":"CSEC: Grading Scheme","url":"https://www.cxc.org/examinations/csec-edit/"},{"publisher":"Caribbean Examinations Council","title":"CAPE","url":"https://www.cxc.org/examinations/cape/"},{"publisher":"Caribbean Examinations Council","title":"Regulations for the Conduct of Examinations","url":"https://www.cxc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/CXC-Regulations-for-the-Conduct-of-Examinations_FINAL.pdf"},{"publisher":"Caribbean Examinations Council","title":"What grades are pass grades for CAPE?","url":"https://support.cxc.org/support/solutions/articles/6000094981-what-grades-are-pass-grades-for-cape-"}]},{"slug":"tunisia","name":"Tunisia","adjective":"Tunisian","region":"Africa","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"Grades","level":"both","scope":"Secondary schools, the baccalauréat and universities in Tunisia","note":"The honours (mentions) apply to an overall average, such as a university year or degree.","label":"0 to 20","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"16–20","from":16,"to":20,"native":"très bien","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"14–16","from":14,"to":16,"native":"bien","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"12–14","from":12,"to":14,"native":"assez bien","meaning":"fairly good","pass":true},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"native":"passable","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–10","from":0,"to":10,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Marking is strict, so a 12 is generally considered a good mark and a common starting point for graduate admission and scholarships.","Universities hold a main exam session and a resit session, and marks in different modules of the same year can offset one another.","Some institutions grant a conceded pass for a module mark between 9 and 10 when the semester or year average is at least 10.","The baccalauréat has a main session in early June and a resit session (session de contrôle) at the end of June.","Primary schools have moved to a letter-grade scale."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Tunisia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Tunisia"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (French)","title":"Baccalauréat en Tunisie","url":"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at_en_Tunisie"},{"publisher":"Mediterranean Institute of Technology (MIT Nabeul)","title":"Licences 2021–2022: régime des études et des examens","url":"https://admin.mit-nabeul.tn/media/uploads/2022/04/13/licences-2021-2022mitnabeul_compressed.pdf"}]},{"slug":"turkey","name":"Turkey","adjective":"Turkish","region":"Europe","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Associate and bachelor's degree courses at Turkish universities","note":"Universities share these letters and grade points but set their own mark ranges and sometimes other words; the words shown are Marmara University's.","kind":"choice","pass":"DD","bands":[{"grade":"AA","value":4,"native":"Pekiyi","meaning":"very good (highest grade)","pass":true},{"grade":"BA","value":3.5,"native":"İyi-Pekiyi","meaning":"good to very good","pass":true},{"grade":"BB","value":3,"native":"İyi","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"CB","value":2.5,"native":"Orta-İyi","meaning":"average to good","pass":true},{"grade":"CC","value":2,"native":"Orta","meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"DC","value":1.5,"native":"Orta-Geçer","meaning":"average to pass","pass":true},{"grade":"DD","value":1,"native":"Geçer","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"FD","value":0.5,"native":"Başarısız","meaning":"fail","pass":false},{"grade":"FF","value":0,"native":"Başarısız","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]},{"id":"high-school","name":"High school grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Exams, projects and term scores in Turkish high schools under the Ministry of National Education","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50","bands":[{"grade":"85–100","from":85,"to":100,"native":"Pekiyi","meaning":"very good","pass":true},{"grade":"70–84","from":70,"to":85,"native":"İyi","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"60–69","from":60,"to":70,"native":"Orta","meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"50–59","from":50,"to":60,"native":"Geçer","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–49","from":0,"to":50,"native":"Geçmez","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["A university grade point average (GANO overall, YANO for one term) weights each course's grade points by its credits and is written to two decimals.","At some universities, such as Bursa Uludağ, DC and DD are conditional passes that count only if the overall average (GANO) is at least 2.00, while Marmara lists them as passing grades.","The marks behind each letter are not fixed nationally, and universities such as Marmara and Bursa Uludağ can grade on a curve (bağıl değerlendirme).","A high school course is passed with an average of at least 50 over the two terms, or with 70 or more in the second term whatever the first-term score.","Middle schools also pass a course at 50, except Turkish, which needs 70."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Turkey"},{"publisher":"Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi","title":"Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Ortaöğretim Kurumları Yönetmeliği","url":"https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=18812&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5"},{"publisher":"Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi","title":"Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Okul Öncesi Eğitim ve İlköğretim Kurumları Yönetmeliği","url":"https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=19942&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5"},{"publisher":"Marmara Üniversitesi","title":"Ders başarı durumu (sık sorulan sorular)","url":"https://oidb.marmara.edu.tr/sss/konu/29"},{"publisher":"Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi","title":"Sınav, ölçme, değerlendirme (lisans)","url":"https://uludag.edu.tr/maliye/konu/view?id=8568&title=sinav-olcme-degerlendirme-lisans"}]},{"slug":"uganda","name":"Uganda","adjective":"Ugandan","region":"Africa","title":"Ugandan Grading System: University CGPA, Degree Classes, UCE & UACE Grades","lede":"In Uganda, university courses at Makerere are graded A+ (90–100%, 5 points) to F (below 50%), and D (50–54%) is the lowest pass; a final CGPA of 4.40 or more earns a first class degree.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Courses at Makerere University, marked out of 100","note":"The CGPA is the average of these grade points weighted by each course’s credit units.","label":"A+ to F (0 to 5 points)","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A+","value":5,"meaning":"exceptional","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","value":5,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"80–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":4.5,"meaning":"very good","pct":"75–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":4,"meaning":"very good","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":3.5,"meaning":"good","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":3,"meaning":"fairly good","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":2.5,"meaning":"fair","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":2,"meaning":"pass","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"below 50%","pass":false}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Degrees, diplomas and certificates at Makerere University, classed by the final cumulative grade point average (CGPA)","label":"CGPA 0 to 5","kind":"number","min":0,"max":5,"best":"high","step":0.01,"pass":"2.0","bands":[{"grade":"First class","from":4.4,"to":5,"meaning":"first class","pass":true},{"grade":"Second upper","from":3.6,"to":4.39,"meaning":"second class, upper division","pass":true},{"grade":"Second lower","from":2.8,"to":3.59,"meaning":"second class, lower division","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":2,"to":2.79,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"Below 2.0","from":0,"to":1.99,"meaning":"below the minimum CGPA: academic probation","pass":false}]},{"id":"uce","name":"UCE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Uganda Certificate of Education (O level) under the new lower secondary curriculum, set by the Uganda National Examinations Board (UNEB) from 2024","note":"Candidates on the old curriculum were graded 1 to 9: distinctions 1 and 2, credits 3 to 6, passes 7 and 8, and 9 a fail.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","meaning":"exceptional: an extraordinary level of competency","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"outstanding: a high level of competency","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"satisfactory: an adequate level of competency","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"basic: the minimum level of competency","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"elementary: below the basic level of competency","pass":false}]},{"id":"uace","name":"UACE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Principal subjects in the Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (A level), set by UNEB","note":"The points are those Makerere University uses to weigh A level results for admission.","kind":"choice","pass":"O","bands":[{"grade":"A","meaning":"principal pass; 6 points","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"principal pass; 5 points","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"principal pass; 4 points","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"principal pass; 3 points","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"lowest principal pass; 2 points","pass":true},{"grade":"O","meaning":"subsidiary pass in a principal subject; 1 point","pass":true},{"grade":"F","meaning":"fail; 0 points","pass":false}]}],"facts":["The pass mark at Makerere is 50% in undergraduate courses and 60% in graduate courses.","A final-year student with 45–49% in a course may be granted a conceded pass, once only, if the CGPA stays at least 2.0.","When a course is retaken, the better of the two grades counts in the CGPA.","A CGPA below 2.0 puts an undergraduate on probation, and three probations in a row lead to discontinuation.","University admission needs at least two principal passes (A to E) at UACE, while one principal and two subsidiary passes are accepted by other tertiary institutions."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Makerere University","title":"Academic Policies Manual (revised version 2025)","url":"https://policies.mak.ac.ug/sites/default/files/policies/Makerere-Academic-Policies-Manual-Revised-Version-2025.pdf"},{"publisher":"Uganda National Examinations Board","title":"Release of 2024 UCE transition and new lower secondary school (NLSC) results","url":"https://ereg.uneb.ac.ug/files/oNVRW_uce_2024_release_statement.pdf"},{"publisher":"Uganda National Examinations Board","title":"2022 UACE statement of release of results","url":"https://uneb.ac.ug/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2022-UACE-STATEMENT-OF-RELEASE-OF-RESULTS.pdf"}]},{"slug":"ukraine","name":"Ukraine","adjective":"Ukrainian","region":"Europe","title":"Ukrainian Grading System: 100-Point University and 12-Point School Scales","lede":"In Ukraine, university courses are scored out of 100 points, and 60 is the lowest pass at most universities.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's and master's courses, shown with the bands of Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University","label":"0 to 100 points","note":"Each university sets its own point bands, so the same score can earn a different letter elsewhere.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"60","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":90,"to":100,"pct":"90–100","native":"відмінно","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":82,"to":89,"pct":"82–89","native":"добре","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":74,"to":81,"pct":"74–81","native":"добре","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":64,"to":73,"pct":"64–73","native":"задовільно","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"E","from":60,"to":63,"pct":"60–63","native":"задовільно","meaning":"satisfactory","pass":true},{"grade":"FX","from":35,"to":59,"pct":"35–59","native":"незадовільно","meaning":"fail, resit allowed","pass":false},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":34,"pct":"0–34","native":"незадовільно","meaning":"fail, course must be retaken","pass":false}]},{"id":"school","name":"School grades","level":"secondary","scope":"Basic and upper secondary school, from year 5","note":"A 12 is kept for exceptional work, so 11 is the usual top grade.","kind":"number","min":1,"max":12,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"native":"високий","meaning":"high level","pass":true},{"grade":"7–9","from":7,"to":9,"native":"достатній","meaning":"sufficient level","pass":true},{"grade":"4–6","from":4,"to":6,"native":"середній","meaning":"average level","pass":true},{"grade":"1–3","from":1,"to":3,"native":"початковий","meaning":"initial level","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Universities also report results on the national scale of відмінно (excellent), добре (good), задовільно (satisfactory) and незадовільно (unsatisfactory), and some courses are only зараховано (passed) or не зараховано (not passed).","The grading scale a university used is printed in the diploma supplement.","A full-time university year is usually 60 ECTS credits, and a bachelor's degree takes 180 to 240.","Schools have used the 12-point scale since 2000; against the old 5-point scale, ENIC Ukraine equates a 12 with a 5+, a 7 with a 4− and a 4 with a 3−.","Pupils in years 1 and 2 get verbal assessment only, and in years 3 and 4 schools choose between verbal assessment and the four levels."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Ukraine"},{"publisher":"ENIC Ukraine","title":"Система оцінювання (school grading)","url":"https://enic.in.ua/index.php/ua/systema-osvity/serednia-osvita/systema-ociniuvannia"},{"publisher":"ENIC Ukraine","title":"Кредити та система оцінювання (higher education)","url":"https://enic.in.ua/index.php/ua/systema-osvity/vyshcha-osvita/kredyty-systema-ocinuvannia"},{"publisher":"Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University","title":"Шкала оцінювання: національна та ECTS (course programme)","url":"https://onu.edu.ua/pub/bank/userfiles/files/edu-programm/hist/robochi_prog/033_PhD/RP_Metody_naukovyh_doslidgen.pdf"}]},{"slug":"united-arab-emirates","name":"United Arab Emirates","prose":"the United Arab Emirates","adjective":"UAE","region":"Middle East","title":"UAE Grading System: University Letter Grades, Percentages & 4.0 GPA","lede":"In the United Arab Emirates, most universities use US-style letter grades; at United Arab Emirates University they run from A (90–100%, best) to F (below 60%), and D (60–63%) is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate courses at United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)","note":"Other universities in the UAE use similar letters with their own percentages and points, so the legend on the transcript decides.","kind":"choice","pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.7,"meaning":"excellent (lower)","pct":"87–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.3,"meaning":"very good (upper)","pct":"84–86%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"very good","pct":"80–83%","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.7,"meaning":"very good (lower)","pct":"77–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.3,"meaning":"good (upper)","pct":"74–76%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"good","pct":"70–73%","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.7,"meaning":"good (lower)","pct":"67–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.3,"meaning":"pass (upper)","pct":"64–66%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"pass","pct":"60–63%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–59%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Most universities and colleges in the UAE grade on a system similar to the US one, with letter grades and a 4.0 grade point average.","At UAEU the GPA is weighted by credit hours and reported to two decimal places.","UAEU undergraduates who have earned at least 36 credits and have a term GPA of 3.60 or higher make the Dean's List.","Foundation courses at UAEU are graded pass or no pass, need the equivalent of 60% to pass, and do not count in the GPA.","Government schools follow the Ministry of Education's grading, while many private schools use the grading of the country whose curriculum they teach."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: United Arab Emirates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#United_Arab_Emirates"},{"publisher":"United Arab Emirates University","title":"Policy AE-04: Grades and Grading","url":"https://www.uaeu.ac.ae/en/about/policies/admissions_and_enrollment/pol_pro-ae_04_en.pdf"},{"publisher":"United Arab Emirates University","title":"Admission and Registration Policies Manual: 4. Grades and Grading","url":"https://uaeu.ac.ae/en/about/policies/pdf/admission/4_grades_and_grading-en.pdf"}]},{"slug":"united-kingdom","name":"United Kingdom","prose":"the United Kingdom","adjective":"UK","region":"Europe","title":"UK Grading System: Degree Classes, GCSE 9–1, A Levels & US GPA","lede":"The UK has three main scales: degree classes at university, from a First (best) down to a Third (40%, the lowest honours pass), and GCSE and A level grades at school.","systems":[{"id":"degree","name":"Degree classes","level":"university","scope":"Bachelor's honours degrees and integrated master's degrees at UK universities","note":"Each university sets its own boundaries; the marks shown are the conventional ones.","label":"First to Third","kind":"choice","pass":"Third","bands":[{"grade":"First","meaning":"first-class honours","pct":"70–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"2:1","meaning":"upper second-class honours","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"2:2","meaning":"lower second-class honours","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"Third","meaning":"third-class honours","pct":"40–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"Fail","meaning":"no honours; an ordinary (pass) degree may still be awarded","pct":"0–39%","pass":false}]},{"id":"gcse","name":"GCSE grades","level":"secondary","scope":"GCSEs in England since 2017, and GCSEs from the English exam boards taken elsewhere in the UK; Wales and Northern Ireland grade their own GCSEs A* to G","note":"Grade 4 is the “standard pass”, level with the bottom of the old grade C, and grade 5 the “strong pass”.","label":"9 to 1","kind":"choice","pass":"4","bands":[{"grade":"9","value":9,"meaning":"highest grade (top of the old A*)","pass":true},{"grade":"8","value":8,"meaning":"like an old A*","pass":true},{"grade":"7","value":7,"meaning":"like an old A","pass":true},{"grade":"6","value":6,"meaning":"like an old B","pass":true},{"grade":"5","value":5,"meaning":"strong pass (like a high C)","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"meaning":"standard pass (like a low C)","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"meaning":"below a standard pass (like a D or high E)","pass":false},{"grade":"2","value":2,"meaning":"below a standard pass (like a low E or F)","pass":false},{"grade":"1","value":1,"meaning":"lowest grade (like a G)","pass":false},{"grade":"U","value":0,"meaning":"ungraded: no certificate","pass":false}]},{"id":"a-level","name":"A level grades","level":"secondary","scope":"A levels, the post-16 qualifications taken after GCSEs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland","note":"The A* grade was added in 2010; AS levels are graded A to E without it.","label":"A* to E","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A*","meaning":"highest grade; 56 UCAS tariff points","pass":true},{"grade":"A","meaning":"48 UCAS tariff points","pass":true},{"grade":"B","meaning":"40 UCAS tariff points","pass":true},{"grade":"C","meaning":"32 UCAS tariff points","pass":true},{"grade":"D","meaning":"24 UCAS tariff points","pass":true},{"grade":"E","meaning":"lowest pass; 16 UCAS tariff points","pass":true},{"grade":"U","meaning":"ungraded: below grade E","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"degree","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"British undergraduate degree classification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#United_States"},"rows":[{"grade":"First","us":"A","points":4},{"grade":"2:1","us":"A−/B+"},{"grade":"2:2","us":"B","points":3},{"grade":"Third","us":"C+","points":2.3}],"note":"The rows are the US–UK Fulbright Commission's equivalents as Wikipedia prints them, from a chart Fulbright calls unofficial; it gives a 2:1 as 3.33–3.67 grade points and an ordinary (pass) degree as a C, 2.00."},"facts":["A degree class rests on a weighted average of module marks, usually with later years counting more and the first year often not at all.","Most UK master's courses ask for at least a 2:1.","Taught master's degrees are not classed but graded Distinction (typically 70% and above), Merit (60–69%) and Pass (50–59%).","GCSE grades 3 to 1 still earn a GCSE, at Level 1 rather than Level 2, but fall below the standard pass that sixth forms and employers usually ask for.","Scotland has its own exams: National 5, Higher and Advanced Higher courses are graded A to D, where a D (40–49%) still awards the course and a mark below 40% is “No Award”."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in the United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#United_Kingdom"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"British undergraduate degree classification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"GCSE: grades and tiering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCSE#Grades_and_tiering"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"A-level (United Kingdom): grading","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-level_(United_Kingdom)#Grading"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"UCAS Tariff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCAS_Tariff"},{"publisher":"Ofqual","title":"GCSE 9 to 1 grade scale explained","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gcse-9-to-1-grade-scale-explained/gcse-9-to-1-grade-scale-explained"},{"publisher":"Department for Education","title":"Secondary accountability measures: 2025 guidance","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/progress-8-school-performance-measure/secondary-accountability-measures-2025-guidance-for-maintained-secondary-schools-academies-and-free-schools"},{"publisher":"Qualifications Scotland (SQA)","title":"Results","url":"https://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/96422.html"}]},{"slug":"united-states","name":"United States","prose":"the United States","adjective":"US","region":"North America","title":"US Grading System: A–F Letter Grades, Percentages & 4.0 GPA Scale","lede":"In the United States, letter grades run from A (best) to F, and D is the lowest passing letter on most transcripts. On the most common scale an A is 90–100% and anything below 60% is an F, and for a GPA an A counts 4 points, B 3, C 2, D 1 and F 0.","systems":[{"id":"letters","name":"Letter grades","level":"both","scope":"The most common percentage cut-offs in US public high schools, the scale the federal High School Transcript Study uses; colleges, schools and teachers can set their own","note":"A percentage is rounded to the nearest whole number first, so 89.5 counts as an A.","label":"A to F","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"D","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":90,"to":100,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":80,"to":89,"meaning":"good","pct":"80–89%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":70,"to":79,"meaning":"average","pct":"70–79%","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":60,"to":69,"meaning":"below average, lowest pass","pct":"60–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":59,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–59%","pass":false}]},{"id":"points","name":"Grade points","level":"both","scope":"The 4.0 GPA scale with plus and minus grades used at many US high schools and colleges; some schools use steps of 0.3 instead of 0.33","note":"An A+, where a school gives one, usually counts 4.0 like an A; a few schools count it 4.33.","label":"4.0 (A) to 0 (F)","kind":"choice","pass":"D−","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":4,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"A−","value":3.67,"meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","value":3.33,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":3,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"B−","value":2.67,"meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","value":2.33,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":2,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"C−","value":1.67,"meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","value":1.33,"meaning":"below average","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":1,"meaning":"below average","pass":true},{"grade":"D−","value":0.67,"meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"F","value":0,"meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["There is no national grading standard: states, districts, schools and sometimes individual teachers set their own cut-offs, and 90/80/70/60 is simply the most common scale in public high schools.","At most colleges a D still earns credit, but a C or better is often needed for courses in the major and for prerequisites, and a 2.0 (C) average is usually needed to graduate.","Most graduate schools require a 3.0 (B) average to award a degree.","Many high schools weight honors, AP and IB courses, so an A in those classes can count 4.5 or 5 points and a weighted GPA can go above 4.0.","A W on a transcript marks a course dropped before the deadline and does not count in the GPA, and some schools write E, N or U instead of F for a failing grade."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_United_States"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#United_States"},{"publisher":"NCES","title":"How the High School Transcript Study calculates grade point average","url":"https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/hsts/howgpa.aspx"}]},{"slug":"uruguay","name":"Uruguay","adjective":"Uruguayan","region":"Central and South America","title":"Uruguayan Grading System: Udelar Grades, the Old 0 to 12 Scale & Pass Marks","lede":"Since 2025, Uruguay's public Universidad de la República (Udelar) grades with six words, from Excelente (best) to Muy insuficiente, and Aceptable is the lowest pass. Older Udelar transcripts use a 0 to 12 scale on which 3 is the lowest pass.","systems":[{"id":"udelar","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Undergraduate and graduate courses at the Universidad de la República (Udelar) since January 2025","note":"Udelar gives each word the number shown for averages and recommends the percentage ranges shown; some faculties set their own, such as 60% for Aceptable in engineering.","kind":"choice","pass":"Aceptable","bands":[{"grade":"Excelente","value":10,"meaning":"excellent","pct":"87.5–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"Muy bueno","value":8.7,"meaning":"very good","pct":"75–87.5%","pass":true},{"grade":"Bueno","value":7.3,"meaning":"good","pct":"62.5–75%","pass":true},{"grade":"Aceptable","value":6,"meaning":"acceptable, the lowest pass","pct":"50–62.5%","pass":true},{"grade":"Insuficiente","value":3,"meaning":"insufficient (fail)","pct":"25–50%","pass":false},{"grade":"Muy insuficiente","value":1,"meaning":"very insufficient (fail)","pct":"below 25%","pass":false}]},{"id":"udelar-old","name":"Udelar grades before 2025","level":"university","scope":"Courses at the Universidad de la República graded before 27 January 2025","note":"The bands follow Udelar's standard conversion to the new word scale; some programmes, such as several postgraduate degrees, convert differently.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":12,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"meaning":"excellent (now Excelente)","pass":true},{"grade":"8–9","from":8,"to":9,"meaning":"very good (now Muy bueno)","pass":true},{"grade":"5–7","from":5,"to":7,"meaning":"good (now Bueno)","pass":true},{"grade":"3–4","from":3,"to":4,"meaning":"acceptable (now Aceptable)","pass":true},{"grade":"1–2","from":1,"to":2,"meaning":"insufficient (now Insuficiente)","pass":false},{"grade":"0","from":0,"to":0,"meaning":"very insufficient (now Muy insuficiente)","pass":false}]}],"facts":["Udelar replaced its 0 to 12 scale, in use since 1957, with the six word grades on 27 January 2025, for all undergraduate and graduate programmes.","Udelar transcripts include an average weighted by credits, so a final project worth 15 credits counts three times as much as a 5-credit course.","Secondary schools grade from 1 to 12, with 6 as the usual pass mark, and some upper-secondary subjects require 7 or 8.","High grades are hard to get in Uruguay: in secondary school a 10, 11 or 12 counts as excellent.","Private universities set their own scales, and those that grade by percentage usually put the pass between 60% and 70%."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Universidad de la República","title":"Información sobre la Nueva Escala de Calificaciones de la Udelar","url":"https://www.fing.edu.uy/sites/default/files/54-2024-2026-nueva-escala-de-calificaciones-de-la-udelar-2025.pdf"},{"publisher":"Universidad de la República","title":"Nueva Escala de Calificaciones en la Udelar: un cambio profundo para 2025","url":"https://udelar.edu.uy/portal/2024/09/nueva-escala-de-calificaciones-en-la-udelar-un-cambio-profundo-para-2025/"},{"publisher":"Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ingeniería","title":"Aplicación de la nueva escala de calificaciones de la Udelar en FING","url":"https://www.fing.edu.uy/sites/default/files/55-2024-2026-aplicacion-nueva-escala-de-calificaciones-de-la-udelar-en-fing.pdf"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Uruguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Uruguay"}]},{"slug":"uzbekistan","name":"Uzbekistan","adjective":"Uzbek","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Students at Uzbek higher education institutions that follow the 2018 national assessment regulation (No. 3069)","note":"Universities that run the module (credit-module) system are outside this regulation and set their own assessment rules.","kind":"choice","best":"high","pass":"3","bands":[{"grade":"5","value":5,"native":"aʼlo","meaning":"excellent","pct":"90–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"4","value":4,"native":"yaxshi","meaning":"good","pct":"70–89.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"3","value":3,"native":"qoniqarli","meaning":"satisfactory","pct":"60–69.9%","pass":true},{"grade":"2","value":2,"native":"qoniqarsiz","meaning":"unsatisfactory (fail)","pct":"0–59.9%","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"university","source":{"publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Uzbekistan, National Database of Legislation (lex.uz)","title":"Regulation on the system of control and assessment of students’ knowledge in higher education institutions (No. 3069), Appendix, Table 2","url":"https://lex.uz/uz/docs/3916793"},"rows":[{"grade":"5","us":"A+, A or A−"},{"grade":"4","us":"B+, B or B−"},{"grade":"3","us":"C+, C, C−, D+, D or D−"},{"grade":"2","us":"F"}],"note":"The regulation’s comparison table sets each Uzbek grade beside a group of US letters and prints no grade points."},"facts":["A 2 (qoniqarsiz) in a subject’s final assessment leaves the student with an academic debt in that subject.","A student moves up a year only with a 3, 4 or 5 in every subject of the year’s curriculum.","A 3, 4 or 5 cannot be retaken to improve it.","The regulation converts an average on the 5-point scale to a 100-point score by a fixed table, from 100 for 4.96–5.00 down to 60 for exactly 3.00, and an average below 3.0 is below 60.","The regulation covers students admitted from 2018/2019 onward."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Ministry of Justice of Uzbekistan, National Database of Legislation (lex.uz)","title":"Regulation on the system of control and assessment of students’ knowledge in higher education institutions (No. 3069, 2018)","url":"https://lex.uz/uz/docs/3916793"}]},{"slug":"venezuela","name":"Venezuela","adjective":"Venezuelan","region":"Central and South America","systems":[{"id":"grades","name":"School and university grades","level":"both","scope":"Secondary schools and most universities in Venezuela","note":"Final course grades are whole numbers; a fraction of 0.5 or more usually rounds up.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":20,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"10","bands":[{"grade":"10–20","from":10,"to":20,"native":"aprobado","meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"0–9","from":0,"to":9,"native":"reprobado","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"grades","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Venezuela"},"rows":[{"grade":"16–20","from":16,"to":20,"us":"A"},{"grade":"13–15","from":13,"to":15,"us":"B"},{"grade":"10–12","from":10,"to":12,"us":"C"},{"grade":"0–9","from":0,"to":9,"us":"F"}],"note":"Wikipedia reproduces this table from the University of Illinois Chicago."},"facts":["A Venezuelan grade out of 20 converts to a percentage by multiplying by 5, so the pass mark of 10 equals 50%.","Some schools and universities require more than 10, overall or in particular subjects.","A few universities use 5- or 10-point scales instead of 20.","Primary schools use letter grades from A (excellent) to E (fail, aplazado)."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Venezuela"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Venezuela"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia (Spanish)","title":"Calificación escolar: Venezuela","url":"https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calificaci%C3%B3n_escolar#Venezuela"}]},{"slug":"vietnam","name":"Vietnam","adjective":"Vietnamese","region":"Asia","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Course grades at Vietnamese universities under the Ministry of Education and Training's 2021 training regulation","note":"Each letter also carries points for the GPA: A 4, B 3, C 2, D 1 and F 0.","kind":"number","min":0,"max":10,"best":"high","step":0.1,"pass":"4.0","bands":[{"grade":"A","from":8.5,"to":10,"pct":"8.5–10","meaning":"excellent","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":7,"to":8.4,"pct":"7.0–8.4","meaning":"good","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":5.5,"to":6.9,"pct":"5.5–6.9","meaning":"average","pass":true},{"grade":"D","from":4,"to":5.4,"pct":"4.0–5.4","meaning":"poor","pass":true},{"grade":"F","from":0,"to":3.9,"pct":"below 4.0","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"us":{"system":"university","source":{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Vietnam"},"rows":[{"grade":"8.0–10.0","from":8,"to":10,"us":"A","points":4},{"grade":"6.5–7.9","from":6.5,"to":7.9,"us":"B","points":3},{"grade":"5.0–6.4","from":5,"to":6.4,"us":"C","points":2},{"grade":"3.5–4.9","from":3.5,"to":4.9,"us":"D","points":1},{"grade":"below 3.5","from":0,"to":3.4,"us":"F","points":0}],"note":"The table comes from EducationUSA Vietnam at the U.S. Embassy in Hanoi and follows the older Vietnamese bands (giỏi from 8.0, khá from 6.5), not the 2021 letter cut-offs."},"facts":["Top marks are rare: students seldom score above 8.0 on a course, and 9 or 10 is nearly impossible at many universities.","Course grades are rounded to one decimal place before the letter is given.","Graduates are classed by cumulative GPA on the 4-point scale: 3.60 to 4.00 is xuất sắc (excellent), 3.20 to 3.59 giỏi (very good), 2.50 to 3.19 khá (good) and 2.00 to 2.49 trung bình (average).","A xuất sắc or giỏi class drops one level when the courses a student had to retake exceed 5% of the programme's credits.","Secondary schools also mark out of 10, and since the 2021 reform their overall results read tốt (good), khá (fairly good), đạt (pass) or chưa đạt (not yet passed)."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Academic grading in Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_grading_in_Vietnam"},{"publisher":"Wikipedia","title":"Grading systems by country: Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_systems_by_country#Vietnam"}]},{"slug":"zambia","name":"Zambia","adjective":"Zambian","region":"Africa","title":"Zambian Grading System: University Grades A+ to D & ECZ Grades 1 to 9","lede":"At Mulungushi University in Zambia, courses are graded A+ (86% and above) to D (44% and below), and C (50–54%) is the lowest pass. Grade 12 School Certificate subjects are graded 1 (75–100%) to 9 (0–39%), with grade 8 (40–44%) the lowest pass and grade 6 (50–54%) the lowest credit.","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Certificate, diploma and degree courses at Mulungushi University","note":"Each grade carries the points shown; the degree class comes from the points earned in 20 courses at the last two year levels.","label":"A+ to D (0 to 100%)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50%","bands":[{"grade":"A+","from":86,"to":100,"meaning":"distinction, 2.5 points","pct":"86–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"A","from":76,"to":85,"meaning":"distinction, 2.0 points","pct":"76–85%","pass":true},{"grade":"B+","from":66,"to":75,"meaning":"merit, 1.5 points","pct":"66–75%","pass":true},{"grade":"B","from":60,"to":65,"meaning":"credit, 1.0 point","pct":"60–65%","pass":true},{"grade":"C+","from":55,"to":59,"meaning":"clear pass, 0.5 points","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"C","from":50,"to":54,"meaning":"bare pass, 0 points","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"D+","from":45,"to":49,"meaning":"bare fail, 0 points","pct":"45–49%","pass":false},{"grade":"D","from":0,"to":44,"meaning":"fail, 0 points","pct":"0–44%","pass":false}]},{"id":"school-certificate","name":"School Certificate grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Grade 12 School Certificate and the General Certificate of Education (GCE), set by the Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ)","note":"Grades 1 to 6 are the quality passes that count as credits; grades 7 and 8 are passes without credit.","kind":"choice","best":"low","pass":"8","bands":[{"grade":"1","meaning":"upper distinction","pct":"75–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"2","meaning":"lower distinction","pct":"70–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"3","meaning":"upper merit","pct":"65–69%","pass":true},{"grade":"4","meaning":"lower merit","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"5","meaning":"upper credit","pct":"55–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"6","meaning":"lower credit","pct":"50–54%","pass":true},{"grade":"7","meaning":"upper pass (satisfactory)","pct":"45–49%","pass":true},{"grade":"8","meaning":"lower pass (satisfactory)","pct":"40–44%","pass":true},{"grade":"9","meaning":"fail (unsatisfactory)","pct":"0–39%","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At Mulungushi University the degree class comes from the points earned in 20 courses at the last two year levels: 40 points or more is a distinction, 30–39.9 a merit, 20–29.9 a credit and below 20 a pass.","To earn the School Certificate, a candidate must pass at least six subjects, including English language, with a credit in at least one, or pass five subjects, including English language, with credits in at least two.","A candidate with grades 1 to 8 in at least one subject who does not meet the School Certificate conditions receives a statement of results, and grade 9 in every subject is a fail.","University entry is set in credits: science-based programmes in Mulungushi University’s School of Business Studies, for example, ask for a credit (grade 6) or better in English language, mathematics and three other subjects."],"sources":[{"publisher":"Mulungushi University","title":"Academic Regulations","url":"https://edurole.mu.ac.zm/datastore/uploads/Academic%20Regulations%20%20-%20Revised%20May%202021.pdf"},{"publisher":"Examinations Council of Zambia","title":"School Certificate Examination Performance Report","url":"https://www.exams-council.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2023-SCHOOL-CERTIFICATE-EXAMINATION-PERFOMANCE-REPORT.pdf"},{"publisher":"Examinations Council of Zambia","title":"Conditions for the Award of a School Certificate","url":"https://www.exams-council.org.zm/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/SCHOOL-QUALIFICATIONS-AWARDS-CONDITIONS-2.pdf"}]},{"slug":"zimbabwe","name":"Zimbabwe","adjective":"Zimbabwean","region":"Africa","title":"Zimbabwean Grading System: Degree Classes & ZIMSEC A-Level Points","lede":"Zimbabwean universities mark in percentages: at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), 75% and above is a first, 65–74% an upper second (2.1), 60–64% a lower second (2.2), 50–59% a pass, and below 50% a fail. ZIMSEC A-level passes run from A (5 points) down to E (1 point).","systems":[{"id":"university","name":"University grades","level":"university","scope":"Modules and bachelor’s degree classes at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST)","note":"The same scheme grades each module and the whole programme; the MBBS degree is not classified this way.","label":"0 to 100% (1, 2.1, 2.2, pass)","kind":"number","min":0,"max":100,"best":"high","step":1,"pass":"50%","bands":[{"grade":"1","from":75,"to":100,"meaning":"first division","pct":"75–100%","pass":true},{"grade":"2.1","from":65,"to":74,"meaning":"upper second division","pct":"65–74%","pass":true},{"grade":"2.2","from":60,"to":64,"meaning":"lower second division","pct":"60–64%","pass":true},{"grade":"Pass","from":50,"to":59,"meaning":"pass","pct":"50–59%","pass":true},{"grade":"Fail","from":0,"to":49,"meaning":"fail","pct":"0–49%","pass":false}]},{"id":"alevel","name":"A-level grades","level":"secondary","scope":"The Zimbabwe General Certificate of Education (ZGCE) Advanced Level, set by the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC)","note":"Each pass grade carries the points shown. An O is a subsidiary pass, counted as a pass at O level in that subject; an F is not shown on the certificate.","kind":"choice","pass":"E","bands":[{"grade":"A","value":5,"meaning":"highest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"B","value":4,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"C","value":3,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"D","value":2,"meaning":"pass","pass":true},{"grade":"E","value":1,"meaning":"lowest pass","pass":true},{"grade":"O","meaning":"subsidiary pass (O-level standard), not an A-level pass","pass":false},{"grade":"F","meaning":"fail","pass":false}]}],"facts":["At NUST the degree class takes every part of the programme into account, with each part weighted as the programme’s own regulations set out.","At NUST a student who fails more than half of a year’s modules, or whose overall mark is below 35% (40% in the Faculty of Medicine), must leave the programme.","NUST grades postgraduate diplomas and coursework master’s degrees as distinction (80% and above), merit (70–79%), credit (60–69%) and pass (50–59%); below 50% is a fail.","ZIMSEC’s national O-level pass rate counts candidates who pass five or more subjects with grade C or better, and NUST asks for at least five O-level passes, including English language and mathematics."],"sources":[{"publisher":"National University of Science and Technology","title":"General Academic Regulations","url":"https://www.nust.ac.zw/index.php/academic-regulations.html"},{"publisher":"Zimbabwe School Examinations Council","title":"Instructions and Guidelines on the Provisional Results for the ZGCE Advanced Level Examinations","url":"https://www5.zimsec.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Guidelines-for-Results.pdf"},{"publisher":"Zimbabwe School Examinations Council","title":"Release of the 2024 November Ordinary Level Examination Results","url":"https://www5.zimsec.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2024-November-Ordinary-Level-Results-Release-1.pdf"}]}]}